(Ulir  i.  m.  Mill  iCtbrara 

North  (Earolina  g>tatp  Initiprfiity 


SB453 
H7 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  DATE 
INDICATED  BELOW  AND  IS  SUB- 
JECT TO  AN  OVERDUE  FINE  AS 
POSTED  AT  THE  CIRCULATION 
DESK. 


THE  GARDEN  BLUEBOOK 


THE  GARDEN 
BLUEBOOK 


A  Manual  of  the 
Perennial  Garden 


By 
LEICESTER  BODINE  HOLLAND 


ILLUSTRATED 


Garden  City  New  York 

Doubleday,  Page  &  Company 


1927 


Copyright,  191S,  by 

DOUBLEDAY,  PaGE   &  CoMPANY 

ALL  RIGHTS  RESERVED 


PRINTED  IN  THE   UNITED  STATES 

AT 

THE  COUNTRY  LIFE  PRESS,  GARDEN  CITY,  N.  Y. 


To  My  Sister 

LUCY 

And  Her  Garden 

By  the  Sea 


^AS-i 


THE  GARDEN  BLUEBOOK 


INTRODUCTORY 

"1^  XOW  there  are  Ornaments  also  without,  as  Gardens,  FountainSy 
^^       Groves,    Conservatories   of  rare    Beasts,    Birds,    and    Fishes. 

JL  ^  Of  which  ignoblcr  kind  of  creatures,  zve  ought  not  (Saith  our 
greatest  Master  among  the  Sons  of  Nature*)  childishly  to  despise  the 
Contemplation;  for  in  all  things  that  are  natural,  there  is  ever  something 
that  is  admirable.     Of  these  external  delights  a  word  or  two. 

"  First,  I  must  note  a  certain  contrariety  between  building  and  gar- 
dening: For  as  Fabricks  should  be  regular,  so  Gardens  should  be  irregular, 
or  at  least  cast  into  a  very  wild  Regularity.'' 

So  writes  the  gentle  knight.  Sir  Henry  Wotton,  in  his  little  treatise  on 
the  Elements  of  Architecture,  and  so  must  we  conceive  our  gardens  of  to- 
day; to  have  them  share  in  the  quiet  dignity  and  quaint  charm  of  those 
"various  entertainments  of  his  scent  and  sight''  which  delighted  him  in  his 
seventeenth  century  England. 

"Cast  into  a  wild  Regularity,"  there  is  the  problem  of  garden  composi- 
tion. And  indeed  it  is  a  problem,  for  the  garden  must  be  a  bouquet,  not 
like  those  the  children  pick,  unchosen  flowers  massed  as  they  come,  leaf- 
less and  choking  in  the  little  hand,  but  thoughtfully  and  graciously  ar- 
ranged with  choice  of  color  and  plant  form  well  studied,  and  here  and  there, 
between  and  behind  the  brilliant  blossoms,  strong  clumps  and  masses  of 
foHage  to  rest  the  eye  and  give  a  setting  to  our  garden  pictures. 

Many  books  have  been  written  on  color  in  the  flower  garden,  but  few, 
if  any,  on  foliage  in  the  flower  garden,  and  to  my  mind  that  is  almost  half 
the  battle.  Fill  the  herbaceous  border  to  a  third  or  almost  a  half  of  its 
area  with  shrubs — Spiraea,  Deutzia,  bush  Honeysuckle,  Azalea,  Kerria, 
etc.,  or  even  Barberry  or  Privet — and  with  perennials  that  hold  fine  solid 
clumps  of  foliage  throughout  the  year,  such  as  Peonies  or  Dictamnus;  and 
if  these  be  arranged  to  give  a  pleasing  silhouette  and  to  group  well  in  their 
"wild  regularity,"  you  may  fill  the  other  space  with  Petunias  and  Scarlet 

•Aristotle  lib.  i  cap.  5. 


2  THE  GARDEN   BLUEBOOK 

Sage,  or  what  you  will,  still  you  will  find  it  very  hard  to  spoil  the  picture. 
And  on  the  other  hand,  the  choicest  flower  composition  that  you  can  de- 
vise will  profit  all  the  more  by  the  space  and  background  of  green  that  you 
give  to  it. 

But  though  the  background  be  one  half  the  garden  composition  it  is 
by  far  the  easiest  half;  for  all  or  almost  all  we  have  to  consider  there  is 
size  and  shape.  Color  and  texture  of  foliage  is  of  secondary  importance, 
and  all  these  factors  are  practically  constant  throughout  the  year,  while 
blossoming  may  almost  be  ignored;  whereas  in  the  floral  half  of  our  com- 
position we  have  constantly  to  consider  factors  of  color  and  height,  which 
change  with  every  week  from  early  spring  to  fall.  A  spot  that  is  mag- 
nificent in  July  may  be  a  desert  in  August  unless  the  garden  is  wisely 
planned.  In  this  I  am  assuming,  of  course,  that  our  garden  is  one  of  per- 
ennials or  at  least  is  chiefly  such,  annuals  being  used  only  here  and  there 
to  fill  in  gaps  where,  as  it  were,  our  plants  have  played  us  tricks,  for  the 
perennial  garden  besides  being  the  most  enduring  and,  when  once  estab- 
lished, the  cheapest  and  easiest  to  tend,  is  also  the  most  symphonic,  if  I 
may  use  the  term,  in  that  its  harmony  is  not  constant,  but  resolves  con- 
tinually from  one  color  picture  to  another  in  a  melody  of  bloom. 

To  compose  a  symphony  one  must  carry  in  one's  mind  the  qualities 
and  possibilities  of  all  the  instruments  in  the  orchestra,  and  to  compose 
a  garden  symphony  one  should  be  able  to  say  just  what  plants  will  be 
blooming  at  each  point  in  the  summer's  progress  and  what  the  height 
and  color  of  each  will  be.  It  may  be  possible  to  do  this  in  one's 
mind,  but  certainly  not  without  years  of  intimate  experience  in  garden 
tending;  and  for  us,  laymen,  who  wish  to  devise  each  his  own  personal 
symphony,  it  is  hopeless;  and  so  we  have  recourse  to  flower  Hsts  which 
tell  us  what  there  is  that  is  white,  which  blooms  in  June,  and  so  on; 
and  mostly  we  pore  over  the  catalogues  of  nurserymen,  hunting  for  the 
note  which  will  complete  the  particular  harmony  our  imagination  pictures. 

As  an  aid  to  arranging  flower  harmonies  and  flower  sequences  the 
accompanying  charts  (see  inserts,  front  cover)  have  been  prepared. 
They  do  not  by  any  means  include  all  the  herbaceous  perennials  that 
are  good,  nor  should  all  those  here  given  be  used  in  any  one  garden.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  it  is  hard  to  have  too  few  varieties  in  a  border.  So 
long  as  the  bloom  is  continuous  and  the  harmonies  good,  the  fewer  the 
kinds  and  the  larger  the  masses  the  better.  A  natural  spirit  of  curiosity 
and  that  collector's  mania  which  we  all  possess  is  only  too  apt  to  make 
our  beds  herbaria  rather  than  gardens.     But  there  are  a  great  many 


INTRODUCTORY  3 

good  harmonies  possible,  and  different  situations  call  for  different  plants 
to  fit  them,  so  besides  those  which  are  preeminently  the  garden  favorites, 
many  other  well-deserving  plants  have  been  included,  to  supply,  if 
possible,  some  capable  candidate  to  fill  each  particular  vacancy  that  may 
arise. 

HOW    TO    USE    THE    CHARTS 

In  arranging  the  charts  the  plants  have  been  placed  in  the  order 
of  their  heights,  beginning  with  the  tallest,  for  this  is  the  first  quality 
that  concerns  us  in  our  garden  pictures.  If  we  want  something  for  the 
back  of  the  border  we  use  the  top  part  of  the  Hst;  if  something  for  an  edg- 
ing, the  bottom  end.  The  last  column  to  the  right  indicates  by  the  length 
of  the  black  bars  the  average  heights  of  the  various  plants.  Of  course, 
this  is  necessarily  only  an  approximation,  for  the  height  of  any  plant  will 
vary,  with  a  range  of  two  or  more  feet  for  the  taller  ones,  according  to  the 
soil  and  situation;  and  even  the  same  individual  specimen  may  change 
considerably  from  year  to  year.  But  in  any  case  the  order  of  height  here 
given  will  be  always  very  nearly  the  same,  and  that  is  the  thing  that 
most  concerns  us. 

Next  in  order  of  importance  come  color  and  the  season  of  bloom,  and 
these  will  be  found  indicated  in  the  columns  of  colored  bars  on  the  green 
background.  Here  also  there  is  of  necessity  an  approximation,  the  dif- 
ferent flowers  on  the  same  plant  may  vary  perceptibly  in  color,  and 
many  flowers  comprise  several  colors  within  themselves.  The  ordinary 
Daisy,  for  example,  is  both  white  and  yellow,  but  at  a  little  distance  the 
white  so  predominates  that  the  yellow  centre  is  lost.  Therefore  the  color 
given  on  the  chart  is  the  color  which  a  mass  of  each  flower  in  question  will 
usually  present  when  seen  from  a  little  distance.  Some  of  the  color 
patches  are  graded,  ranging,  say,  from  pink  to  white  and  then  to  blue; 
this  signifies  that  that  particular  flower  can  be  had  in  any  one  of  the  tints 
included  in  that  color  scale.  As  for  the  period  of  bloom  given,  that  is 
calculated  for  the  neighborhood  of  Philadelphia,  latitude  40  degrees 
north,  and,  roughly,  the  season  for  any  point  of  the  Atlantic  States  may  be 
calculated  by  pushing  it  back  six  days  for  each  degree  farther  north  or 
forward  for  each  one  farther  south.  Thus  New  York  City  would  be  about 
five  and  Boston  fifteen  days  later,  and  Washington  about  a  week  earlier. 
In  any  locality,  however,  the  sequence  and  approximately  the  length  of 
bloom  here  given  will  hold  good,  and  that  again  is  the  important  thing. 

Now  suppose  our  garden  picture  should  require  a  plant  of  medium 
height  blooming  late  in  July  and  blue  in  color.     The  column  headed 


4  THE  GARDEN   BLUEBOOK 

JULY  will  give  us  all  the  plants  blooming  in  that  month;  that  section 
of  it  between  four  and  two  feet  high  will  include  all  those  of  medium 
height  and  we  find  at  once  that  No.  79,  Platycodon,  is  the  only  one  that  will 
answer.  Having  found  our  plant,  we  move  to  the  right  to  those  columns 
between  the  season  and  height  columns,  and  here  we  will  find  indicated 
by  the  presence  or  absence  of  a  black  spot  whether  our  plant  will  grow 
well  in  sun,  partial  shade,  or  shade,  or  in  two  or  more  such  situations;  and 
whether  it  is  fragrant  or  not. 

Now  while  all  the  plants  given  can  be  grown  in  the  ordinary  border 
with  little  trouble,  some  are  so  constituted  that  they  will  thrive  in  sand 
and  drought  (though  presumably  doing  better  under  kinder  circum- 
stances), and  others  do  not  mind  how  wet  their  roots  may  be.  These 
are  marked  under  the  headings  DRY  and  WET  and  by  running  down 
these  columns  you  can  find  at  once  all  the  plants  suitable  for  naturalizing 
on  dry  banks  or  by  the  water  side,  but  also  remember  they  do  not  abso- 
lutely demand  these  situations.  Lastly,  we  have  a  column  indicating 
which  of  our  plants  are  suitable  also  for  the  rock  garden. 

When  all  this  is  done  and  we  know  that  we  have  something  that  fits 
all  our  requirements  we  look  to  the  left,  and  there  we  find  the  names  of 
this  something. 

CONCERNING    NAMES 

I  might  almost  say  that  the  names,  too,  are  approximate  only.  The 
English  names  are  often  legion  as  can  be  seen  under  the  individual  de- 
scriptions of  the  plants  in  the  text  of  this  book,  and  as  but  one  could  be 
given  for  each  plant  it  had  to  be  the  one  "approximately"  most  used. 
The  same  is  true  to  a  less  extent  of  the  Latin  names,  for  the  botanists 
have  wrangled  considerably  over  what  to  call  some  of  these  friends  of  ours, 
and  even  when  they  agree  we  frequently  find  that  the  nurserymen  com- 
monly use  a  name  quite  different.  So  when  there  has  been  much  diver- 
gence of  opiniori,  that  form  of  the  name  most  in  common  usage  has  been 
chosen.  In  several  cases  it  is  not  botanically  correct,  but  it  will  help  us  to 
find  our  candidate  in  the  catalogues,  and  that,  for  the  third  time,  is  the  im- 
portant thing.  The  most  approved  botanical  name,  where  not  the  one  used 
in  the  chart,  will  be  found  indicated  by  an  asterisk  in  the  text  descriptions. 

THE    SIGNS    USED 

If  in  front  of  the  Latin  name  a  little  dagger  be  found,  it  means  that  the 
plant  in  question  will  hold  its  foliage  and  be  quite  presentable  after  bloom- 
ing, but  it  will  count  as  a  mass  of  green  of  considerably  less  height  than 


INTRODUCTORY  5 

when  in  bloom.  If  two  daggers  be  found,  it  means  either  that  the  plant 
dies  to  the  ground  after  blooming  or  that  its  foliage  becomes  unsightly; 
in  any  case  that  the  plant  or  the  spot  it  occupied  must  be  concealed  by 
something  else  planted  in  front.  While  those  lucky  ones  which  are  free 
from  daggers  may  be  relied  upon  to  form  presentable  masses  of  green  of 
nearly  the  full  flowering  height  throughout  the  season.  Lastly,  in  some 
cases  an  asterisk  is  placed  in  front  of  the  number  attached  to  the  plant. 
This  indicates  that  the  plant  in  question  is  not  strictly  a  hardy  perennial. 
Thus:  No.  I,  Althaea;  No.  31  and  No.  32,  Anchusa;  No.  40,  Digitahs  pur- 
purea; No.  127,  Aquilegia  caerulea;  No.  128,  Dianthus  barbatus;  and  No. 
136,  Papaver  nudicaule,  while  technically  all  perennials  rarely  live  or  do 
well  for  more  than  two  seasons.  Althaea,  Digitalis,  and  Dianthus,  how- 
ever, self-sow  so  readily  that,  unless  one  is  particular  about  the  color  of  the 
flowers,  they  may  be  relied  upon  to  propagate  themselves.  No.  44,  Cam- 
panula Medium,  is  always  a  biennial,  and  must  be  resown  each  year  to  pro- 
vide yearly  bloom.  It  is  the  only  plant  included  which  has  no  technical 
right  in  the  list,  but  is  so  popular  and  valuable  that  an  exception  was  made 
in  its  case.  No.  40,  Lilium  auratum,  is  a  hardy  perennial  but  the  bulb  is 
short-lived  and  usually  dies  out  in  two  or  three  years.  No.  5  5,  Montbretia, 
No.  83,  Tritomia,  and  No.  85,  Alstroemeria,  are  hardy  perennials  south  of 
Philadelphia  if  given  protection  in  winter,  but  in  colder  climates  must  be 
treated  like  Dahlias,  lifted  and  wintered  indoors. 

The  Latin  names  are  the  guides  by  which,  having  located  a  plant  of 
the  desired  characteristics  on  the  charts,  we  may  refer  to  the  text  for  sup- 
plementary information  as  to  its  habit  in  flower  and  foliage  etc.,  with 
notes  on  its  culture  and  propagation.  These  text  descriptions  are  ar- 
ranged in  the  alphabetical  order  of  the  Latin  names,  the  numbers  ap- 
pended being  for  reference  from  the  text  to  the  chart. 

DESIGNING    THE    GARDEN 

Having  now  at  our  fingers'  ends  this  knowledge  of  our  instrumental 
possibilities,  let  us  see  what  is  the  best  way  to  go  about  buildmg  up  the 
changing  harmonies  of  our  garden  plan.  Individual  tastes  and  fancies 
enter  naturally  into  any  artistic  work,  and  probably  nowhere  do  they 
make  themselves  so  strongly  felt  as  in  garden  planning.  This  is  altogether 
as  it  should  be,  for  in  some  ways  the  garden  is  a  more  intimate  and  personal 
thing  even  than  the  house  itself.  In  a  great  many  cases  it  is  planned,  and 
to  a  large  extent  executed  and  tended,  by  the  owner  himself  or  perhaps 
more  often  by  the  owner   herself;  whereas,  with  the  house,   its  con- 


6  THE   GARDEN   BLUEBOOK 

ception,  execution,  and  maintenance  depend  almost  wholly  on  the  ideas 
and  abilities  of  architects,  builders,  plumbers,  paperers,  and  a  whole  world 
of  necessary  outsiders.  But  unless  we  are  proven  artists  of  great  abihty 
we  will  do  well  to  guide  these  tastes  and  fancies  of  ours  by  certain  rules 
which  the  professional  artists  have  proclaimed,  and  we  will  do  well  also  to 
remember  that  experience  often  teaches  ways  of  attacking  problems  which 
are  much  easier,  though  often  quite  different,  from  the  instinctive  ways. 

In  all  forms  of  artistic  composition  this  is  the  first  and  greatest  rule: 
Consider  the  composition  as  a  whole  to  begin  with,  and  do  not  concern 
yourself  with  details,  until  the  large  masses  have  been  completely  and  sat- 
isfactorily arranged.  In  gardening  this  rule  runs  counter  to  most  natural 
tendencies;  we  are  much  more  apt  to  be  interested  in  some  particular 
flower  that  we  love,  than  in  questions  of  mass  and  grouping;  some  of  us 
even  go  so  far  as  to  be  more  interested  in  the  literary  associations  of  the 
names  than  in  the  actual  flowers.  But  if  we  are  to  achieve  a  really  artistic 
result,  we  must  sternly  suppress  these  natural  tendencies  until  the  serious 
business  of  large  composition  is  settled. 

This  applies  to  any  border  larger  than  the  very  smallest,  for  if  it  be 
too  small  for  anything  over  four  feet  high  it  may  still  be  large  enough  for 
Azaleas  and  Peonies,  and  even  the  difference  in  mass  between  Gypsophila 
and  Platycodon  is  important,  if  the  latter  be  the  most  massive  plant  of 
our  assortment.  If,  therefore,  we  were  laying  out  grounds  of  considerable 
size,  I  would  say,  first,  plant  the  trees,  then  the  shrubs,  then  the  perennials, 
and  lastly,  bulbs,  bedding  plants,  and  annuals.  Do  not  merely  plan  all 
these  and  then  start  by  planting  perennials,  but  actually  plant  them  in  the 
given  order.  If  funds  will  not  warrant  putting  in  trees  and  perennials  the 
same  year,  do  without  the  perennials.  For,  in  the  first  place,  the  trees  grow 
so  much  more  slowly  that  they  need  the  head  start;  in  the  second  place, 
if  they  are  not  put  in  at  the  beginning,  one  thing  and  another  may  delay 
their  planting  from  year  to  year,  the  composition  all  this  while  suffering 
for  lack  of  what  should  have  been  its  dominant  note;  and  in  the  third 
place,  every  plan  will  require  certain  changes  as  it  is  developed,  and  if  the 
perennials  are  planted  first  the  location  of  the  trees  will  probably  be 
changed  to  suit  the  flowers,  instead  of  the  other  way  around;  with  a  final 
result  quite  different,  and  probably  very  much  inferior,  to  what  was  orig- 
inally intended. 

A  SAMPLE   PLAN 

To  exemplify  these  principles  in  detail,  suppose  we  have  a  garden  to  be 
planted.     We  will  leave  aside  all  consideration  of  trees,  assuming  that  part 


INTRODUCTORY  7 

of  the  plan  to  have  been  settled,  and  study  solely  the  composition  of  the 
hardy  herbaceous  border,  which  is  the  immediate  subject  of  this  book. 
Let  us  assume  that  our  border  is  six  feet  wide,  with  access  from  one  side 
only.  It  might  be  eight  or  ten  feet  wide  if  it  could  be  reached  from  both 
sides,  or  it  might  be  as  narrow  as  four  feet  (less  than  that  is  hardly  suffi- 
cient for  perennials),  but  six  feet  is  a  good  average.  We  will  also  assume  that 
this  border  is  fairly  long,  but  for  our  purposes  we  will  only  consider  a  stretch 
of  twenty  feet,  remembering,  however,  that  it  continues  on  at  each  end. 


riA5o  Plant]  Mq- PL  AH  and  Ellvatiom. 


The  first  thing  to  do  is  to  get  some  "cross-section"  paper,  conveni- 
ently divided  off  into  little  squares;  these  we  can  call  any  size  we  like. 
In  the  accompanying  sketches  they  are  supposed  to  be  one  foot  each 
way.  Now  having  laid  off  our  plot  we  proceed  to  plant  the  "big 
things"  first.  We  will  put  down  "Shrub  A"  and  "Evergreen  B"  and 
two  Peonies  "A  &  B"  grouped  in  a  "Wild  regularity,"  and  we  will 
arrange  them  so  that  in  elevation,  as  seen  in  the  upper  drawing,  they 


8  THE  GARDEN   BLUEBOOK 

will  form  a  pleasing  mass  composition  (see  above).  Just  what  "Shrub 
A"  and  "Evergreen  B"  are  does  not  concern  us  at  present;  all  we  are 
interested  in  is  their  size  and  shape,  which  we  know  will  be  constant 
throughout  the  season.  A  few  evergreens,  whether  flowering  or  not,  are 
invaluable  in  a  border,  aside  from  the  solidity  of  their  foliage,  on  account 
of  their  beauty  in  winter  when  the  rest  of  the  garden  is  waste.  There  is 
about  them  that  air  of  enduring  permanency  in  the  ebb  and  flow  of  the 
flower  tides  which  our  imagination  craves,  and  by  this  contrast  they  satisfy 
our  artistic  sensibilities.  The  Peonies  also  we  locate  now,  for  their  hand- 
some deep  green  foliage  provides  constant  soHd  masses  throughout  the 
summer,  and  as  our  planning  proceeds  they  can  be  changed  to  Dictamnus 
if  it  is  found  desirable  when  the  question  of  their  bloom  is  considered.  We 
have  already  occupied  about  a  third  of  our  planting  space  with  foUage,  but 
quite  aside  from  the  fact  that  there  are  few  perennials  so  beautiful 
in  bloom  and  easy  of  culture  as  Peonies,  the  space  could  in  no  way  be 
better  used  than  for  this  rich  setting  of  green. 

After  the  shrubbery,  the  next  thing  is  to  consider  those  plants  which, 
though  not  constant  throughout  the  year,  are  biggest;  obviously  these  are 
the  tall  perennials  which  are  to  be  placed  at  the  back  of  the  border.  Of 
these  we  will  put  in  one  patch  of  Hollyhocks  (Althaea  rosea)  and  two  of 
Larkspur  (Delphinium).  The  Delphinium  in  the  central  patch  will  grade 
in  height  by  planting  Delphinium  Belladonna  (No.  47  on  the  chart)  at 
one  end  toward  the  front  and  at  the  other  and  behind,  the  taller  Hybrids 
(No.  10  on  the  chart).  All  the  varieties  of  Delphinium  combine  beautifully 
in  color,  and  the  varying  shades  of  blue  and  violet  in  such  a  combination 
give  much  greater  brilHancy  than  a  solid  mass  of  a  single  variety  would. 
Of  course  the  Althaea  and  Delphinium  will  not  be  in  the  height  of  their 
glory  at  the  same  time,  but  as  we  will  want  each  in  its  due  season  we  will 
locate  them  now  to  be  sure  that  they  are  there  when  the  proper  times  come. 

So  much  for  our  background;  now  let  us  consider  month  by  month 
the  changing  pictures  that  we  are  to  construct  within  and  against 
this  setting.  At  this  point  it  is  necessary  to  combat  another  natural 
tendency.  Naturally  one  thinks  of  a  garden,  first  as  it  will  be  in 
early  spring,  then  as  it  will  develop  through  the  summer  and  on  to  the 
coming  of  frost;  but  if  we  reverse  this  course  and  consider  our  garden 
first  in  fall  and  last  in  spring,  we  will  arrive  much  more  easily  at  our  final 
plan.  For  a  glance  at  the  charts  will  show  that  flowers  over  four  feet  high 
are  extremely  rare  before  July,  while  almost  everything  that  blooms  in 
May  or  earher  is  less  than  a  foot  and  a  half  in  height.     Consequently  if 


INTRODUCTORY  9 

we  are  to  locate  the  tall  plants  first  we  must  start  with  the  fall  and  work 
forward.  Another  good  reason  for  this  method  is  that  while  many  plants 
become  unsightly  after  their  season  is  past,  all  of  them  are  presentable 
up  to  their  time  of  bloom.  So  we  can  be  assured  that  every  late-blooming 
plant  we  place  will  present  a  spot  of  green  throughout  the  season. 

To  begin  then  with  October.  The  splendor  of  the  late  fall  garden  lies, 
as  every  one  knows,  in  the  Asters  and  the  Chrysanthemums,  so  we  will 
start  with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  these  to  form  a  good  October  composi- 


OCT05LR.-  Plan  and  Elevation. 


tion.  The  Delphinium  may  be  blooming  sparsely  then,  as  it  often  does, 
so  we  will  choose  the  blue-violet  New  England  Aster  (No.  20)  to  go  with 
it,  and  our  Chrysanthemums  shall  be  yellow  and  bronze.  The  tall  Asters 
are  rather  thin  and  scrawny  in  their  lower  stems,  so  we  will  tuck  them  in 
behind  Peony  "A"  which  will  partially  screen  them.  One  patch  of  Chrys- 
anthemums we  will  place  where  their  handsome  foliage  will  hide  the 
Delphinium  when  it  is  cut  down  after  its  first  bloom,  and  another  will 
serve  to  shield  the  lower  leaves  of  the  Althaea,  often  brown  and  withered 


lO 


THE   GARDEN   BLUEBOOK 


from  fungus  disease.  This  gives  us  the  composition  in  blue,  violet,  and 
gold,  indicated  by  the  sketch  for  October,  and  few  gardens  can  show  a 
better  display  at  a  time  when  frost  is  in  the  air. 

Next  for  September.  The  chart  shows  us  that  of  those  plants  al- 
ready located,  the  Asters  will  be  blooming  throughout  this  month,  while 
the  Delphinium  will  give  its  second  crop  in  the  first  half  and  the  Chrysan- 
themums will  come  into  bloom  toward  the  latter  half  of  the  month;  there- 
fore we  will  draw  these  in,  marking  the  Asters  strongly  in  elevation  and 


the  others  more  lightly.  Obviously  this  is  not  enough  for  our  September 
picture,  so  to  replace  the  gold  provided  in  October  by  the  Chrysanthe- 
mums we  will  put  in  a  tall  yellow  clump  between  the  Delphinium  and 
the  evergreen.  Running  down  the  chart  under  the  heading  September, 
we  find  No.  i6,  Helenium  autumnale,'var.  superbus.  This  will  do 
admirably,  and  to  give  a  dash  of  emphasis,  we  will  put  in  front  a  couple 
of  bulbs  of  No.  5,  Lilium  Henryi,  through  whose  tall  orange  pyramids  of 


INTRODUCTORY  ii 

flowers  the  Helenium  will  show  beautifully.  In  front  of  the  Chrysanthe- 
mum we  might  put  something  blue  or  something  white.  White  is  especi- 
ally grateful  in  August,  which  we  will  have  to  consider  next,  and  white  will 
help  us  to  resolve  our  harmony  from  one  of  blue  and  gold  into  one  of  other 
colors.  So  looking  down  the  list  of  plants  under  two  and  a  half  feet  high  — 
the  height  of  the  Chrysanthemums — we  find  that  No.  89,  Achillea;  No.  loi, 
Phlox  sufFruticosa;  No.  120,  Dwarf  Platycodon;  and  No.  146  Campanula 
carpatica  are  all  white  and  bloom  in  August  and  September.  The  first 
two  are  rather  high  and  the  last  one  rather  low,  so  we  will  choose  the 
Platycodon,  a  most  delightful  flower,  as  its  picture  will  prove  to  you 
if  you  are  not  already  acquamted.  The  other  whites  we  can  use,  too, 
to  good  advantage,  so  we  will  put  the  Phlox — the  white  variety  Miss 
Lingard  is  one  of  the  finest  of  all  the  Phloxes — around  Peony  "B," 
and  the  evergreen  where  it  will  not  overlap  anything,  and  the  little 
Campanula  carpatica  where  its  dainty  bells  will  grace  the  front,  at  the 
left  hand  of  our  composition.  This  gives  enough  for  our  September 
picture;  white  in  the  foreground,  brilliant  orange  and  yellow  in  the  centre, 
with  a  suggestion  of  violet  and  blue  showing  toward  the  back.  Miss 
Lingard,  the  chart  says,  will  be  bloommg  also  in  October,  but  her  white 
blossoms  will  not  harm  the  late  fall  picture  in  the  least,  and,  rather,  will 
fill  up  the  composition  on  the  right-hand  side. 

For  August  the  chart  shows  us  that  of  those  we  have  already  planted, 
the  Althaea,  the  Campanula,  the  Platycodon,  the  Helenium,  and  the  Lilium 
Henryi  will  all  be  in  bloom  throughout  the  month,  with  the  Phlox  pro- 
ducing its  second  crop  of  flowers  toward  the  end  of  this  period.  Yellow 
and  white  are  our  colors.  The  Hollyhocks  we  might  make  also  yellow, 
but  to  lead  up  to  a  change  in  harmony  let  us  plant  them  in  shades  of  red 
and  pink,  and  put  in  front  a  patch  of  the  pink  Physostegia,  leading  down 
to  the  little  white  Hairbells  in  the  foreground.  To  balance  this  pink  tone 
another  patch  of  pink  in  the  foreground  to  the  right  would  be  desirable. 
The  chart  gives  for  low-growing  pink  or  red  flowers  blooming  in  August,  No. 
135,  Heuchera;  No.  140,  Callirhoe;  and  No.  164,  Tunica.  The  Callirhoe 
continues  into  September  and  October,  which  is  not  altogether  desirable, 
while  the  others  lead  us  toward  the  spring,  so  either  of  these  would  be 
more  suitable  than  the  Callirhoe.  In  fact,  either  would  be  altogether 
suitable,  but  since  we  have  to  make  a  choice,  suppose  we  decide  on  the 
Heuchera.     That  then  will  fill  our  composition  for  August. 

July  is  of  all  the  months  the  season  of  greatest  bloom.  The  chart 
shows  us  that  we  have  already  on  our  plan  the  Althaea,  Physostegia,  and 


12 


THE   GARDEN   BLUEBOOK 


Campanula  to  the  right,  in  shades  of  pink  and  white;  in  the  centre  the  white 
Platycodon  with  the  blue  Delphinium  behind  it  in  its  fullest  glory  at  the 
beginning  of  the  month;  and  to  the  left  the  coral  Heuchera,  with  Delphin- 
ium and  white  Phlox  also  behind  it  at  the  beginning,  though  toward  the  end 
of  the  month  the  Heuchera  will  stand  alone.  To  fill  this  hole  we  need  some- 
thing of  middle  height  that  will  harmonize  with  both  coral  and  blue. 
Something  white  would  do,  but  better  still  will  be  the  graceful  pale  buff 
spikes  of  the  Digitalis  ambigua.  No.  73,  so  that  is  what  we  will  use  here. 


August.  -  Flam  and  Elevation . 


As  far  as  quantity  of  bloom  goes  we  do  not  need  anything  more  for 
July,  but  the  three  groups  do  not  seem  very  well  knit  together.  Suppose, 
therefore,  we  put  a  spot  of  something  in  front  of  Shrub  "A"  and  another 
spot  toward  the  front  of  Peony  *'  B."  White  or  pink  these  should  be,  and 
from  two  to  three  feet  high.  The  chart  shows  us  half  a  dozen  or  more 
things  that  we  might  use,  and  of  these  we  will  choose  for  the  left-hand  spot 
a  clump  of  Japanese  Iris  (No.  51)  which  will  give  a  strong  vertical  accent, 


INTRODUCTORY 


13 


and  for  the  other  one,  white  peach-leaf  Campanula  (No.  94),  the  slender 
stems  of  which  will  not  conceal  the  Platycodon  behind,  and  with  which  its 
dainty  white  bells  will  accord  very  well.  The  Iris  might  be  white  also, 
for  there  are  Japanese  Irises,  as  the  chart  shows,  which  are  practically 
white,  but  for  a  combination  with  the  pink  behind  it  and  the  two  whites 
on  either  side  of  it,  one  of  the  deep  wine-colored  forms  would  probably  be 
more  effective;  so  we  will  decide  on  such  a  one.  Our  composition  now 
consists  of  shades  of  rose  and  red  to  the  left,  changing  through  deep  pur- 


JuLY-  Plan  aimdLlevatiom. 


ple-claret  to  blue  and  white  in  the  middle,  and  this  again  is  toned  to  the 
right  hand  by  bufF  and  a  touch  of  coral. 

June  shows  in  bloom  the  Digitalis,  Heuchera,  and  Phlox  subulata 
on  the  left,  throughout  the  month;  the  peach-leaf  Campanula  in  the 
centre  for  all  but  the  first  week,  and  the  Delphiniums,  Iris,  and  Cam- 
panula carpatica  for  the  latter  half.  This  would  leave  the  centre  and 
left-hand  side  of  our  section  of  border  quite  bare  of  bloom  in  the  first  half  of 


14 


THE   GARDEN    BLUEBOOK 


the  month  were  it  not  for  the  Peonies,  which,  commencing  in  May,  con- 
tinue until  the  Iris  and  Delphinium  are  well  started.  And  though  numer- 
ically the  number  of  plants  in  bloom  may  seem  small  even  with  this  rein- 
forcement, yet  such  is  the  magnificence  of  the  Peonies  that  two  good 
plants  alone  would  be  sufficient  to  make  beautiful  many  feet  of  garden 
border.  So  having  only  a  little  space  along  the  front  unplanted,  which 
we  will  probably  need  for  May  flowers,  we  will  be  satisfied  with  what  we 
already  have  for  June.     What  color  our  Peonies  are  to  be  is  yet  unde- 


JurSEl-PLAlS  AND  ELEVATION. 


cided.  I  would  suggest  a  rose  pink  for  Peony  "A"  to  blend  with  our 
deep  claret  Iris,  and  a  rather  strong  red  for  Peony  "B"  to  give  weight  to 
the  white  which  surrounds  it.  The  following  pages  will  tell  us  what 
varieties  will  furnish  these  colors. 

In  May  the  Peonies  do  not  commence  until  about  the  third  week 
and  none  of  the  other  things  we  have  planted  will  be  blooming  at  all, 
so  we  must  at  once  fill  in  what  space  is  still  left  to  us.     This  seems  to 


INTRODUCTORY 


15 


divide  into  tliree  spots,  all  right  along  the  front,  which  are  therefore  es- 
pecially suited  for  plants  a  foot  or  less  high.  Fortunately  almost  all 
our  May  flowers  come  with  this  limit,  so  we  have  a  considerable  choice. 
If  we  decide  to  put  in  plants  that  will  bloom  in  April  also,  as  would  seem 
wise,  we  narrow  our  choice,  but  there  are  still  left  plenty  to  fill  our  needs. 
The  left-hand  spot,  closed  in  as  it  is  by  the  Ins,  by  shrub  "A,"  and  by 
Peony  "A,"  seems  ideally  suited  for  Primroses,  and  though  these  do  not 
bloom  through  all  of  May  they  will  last  almost  until  Peony  time.    Siebold's 


May.-  Plan  and  Elcvation. 


~y£;M^  M^¥l.. 


or  the  Polyantha  Primrose  may  be  used  (No.  152,  No.  153)  or  the  splendid 
new  hybrid,  Veris  superba  (No.  154).  If  we  should  fill  the  other  spaces 
with  dwarf  Phlox  (No.  150)  or  dwarf  Iris  (No.  103),  both  violet,  one  of  the 
yellow  forms  would  be  best  here;  but  as  neither  the  Phlox  nor  the  Iris  last 
till  the  end  of  May,  let  us  use  Primula  Sieboldii  to  give  our  lavender  in 
this  spot,  and  fill  the  other  spaces  with  Arabis  (No.  159)  and  Alyssum 
(No.  139);  white  and  yellow.     Lavender,  yellow,  and  white  then  along  the 


i6  THE  GARDEN  BLUEBOOK 

front  row,  with  the  pink  and  red  Peonies  coming  in  when  the  lavender 
is  gone,  is  the  composition  of  our  May  garden  and,  with  the  exception  of 
the  Peonies,  of  our  April  garden  also. 

One  last  thing  we  have  to  decide,  and  that  is  the  nature  of  Shrub 
"A".  What  it  is  to  be  depends  on  when  we  will  most  need  its  bloom. 
Obviously  May  is  this  time,  unless  we  are  especially  anxious  to  start 
off  with  a  rush  in  April.  There  are  several  May  blooming  shrubs  which 
would  answer,  and  of  these  I  choose  the  low-growing  Mock  Orange 
(Philadelphus  Lemoinei),  though  Deutzia  would  serve  equally  well,  and 
the  beautiful  bush  rose,  Mme.  Georges  Bruant,  though  commencing  a  little 
later,  would  give  us  white  fragrant  flowers  until  frost. 

So  then,  as  we  have  planned  it,  this  httle  strip  of  border  will  furnish  us 
the  whole  summer  long,  from  May-day  almost  to  Thanksgiving,  with  a  rich 
display  of  bloom,  constantly  changing  as  the  seasons  pass — in  mass,  in 
color,  and  in  form  of  flowers — but  always  complete  and  harmonious.  And 
the  best  of  it  is,  these  plants  are  all  perfectly  hardy  and  year  after  year 
will  greet  us  in  their  due  order  without  any  other  service  on  our  part  than 
the  cultivating,  spraying  and  mulching,  and  occasional  dividing  which  all 
gardens  demand. 

Of  course  this  particular  scheme  could  be  varied  in  a  great  many  ways. 
This  is  where  individual  taste  and  fancy  come  in.  For  example:  sup- 
pose instead  of  Peony  "B"  we  should  decide  to  put  in  a  plant  of  Dictam- 
nus  (No.  72),  white,  then;  as  this  blooms  in  June  and  July  the  patch  of 
Campanula  persicifoHa  in  front  is  obviously  unnecessary  and  its  place 
may  be  given  to  something  which  will  help  our  early  spring  compositions. 
This  latter  must  not  make  a  high  foHage  growth  and  yet  should  cover  the 
ground  fairly  well  after  its  bloom  is  past,  and  it  would  also  be  well  if  it 
were  a  little  higher  than  our  edging  plants.  To  all  these  requirements 
Anemone  sylvestris  (No.  126)  answers  perfectly;  so  with  these  two  we  have 
rearranged  our  pictures  for  April,  May,  June,  and  July,  and  in  this  way  we 
might  continue  almost  indefinitely.  The  great  thing  in  any  planning  is  to 
proceed  in  an  orderly  manner  and  to  make  each  picture  satisfactory  be- 
fore we  proceed  to  the  next. 

After  our  planning  is  all  done  and  the  garden  planted  we  will  find  in 
the  course  of  the  year,  especially  at  first  when  our  plants  have  not  grown 
to  full  size,  many  spots,  that  may  be  wisely  embellished  with  occa- 
sional annuals  set  in  and  taken  out  as  occasion  offers,  and  also  many  spots 
under  shrubbery  and  among  edgings  where  perennial  bulbs  may  flaunt 
their  dainty  flowers  to  welcome  the  coming  of  the  first  spring  days.     But 


INTRODUCTORY  17 

all  that  is  another  matter  and  Hke  the  "nicknacks  and  drapes"  about  the 
house,  must  wait  till  the  house  is  built  and  furnished  before  we  consider 
them. 

Lastly  there  is  one  more  suggestion  from  the  "curious  Pencil  of  the 
Ever  Memorable  Sir  Henry,"  which  I  wish  to  include.  "Though  other 
Countries,"  says  he,  "have  more  benefit  of  Sun  than  we,  and  thereby  more 
properly  tied  to  contemplate  this  delight;  yet  have  I  seen  in  our  own,  a 
delicate  and  diligent  curiosity,  surely  without  parallel  among  foreign  Na- 
tions; Namely,  in  the  Garden  of  Sir  Henry  Fanshaw,  at  his  Seat  in  Ware 
Park;  where,  I  well  remember,  he  did  so  precisely  examine  the  tinctures 
and  seasons  of  his  flowers,  that  in  their  settings  the  inwardest  of  those 
which  were  to  come  up  at  the  same  time  should  be  always  a  little  darker 
than  the  outmost,  and  so  serve  them  for  a  kind  of  gentle  shadow,  like  a 
piece,  not  of  Nature,  but  of  Jrt.     So  much  of  Gardens." 


THE  GARDEN  BLUEBOOK 


ACHILLEA 


(Named   for  the  Greek   hero  Achilles,  who  is  said  to  h:ivc  used  it  to  heal  Telephus) 
Composite 

17.     Achillea  Eupatorium   {A.  filipendulina) 
English  Name:   Fern-leaved  yarrow. 

THE  ORIENT  JULY 


IARGE,  slightly  convex  heads  often  five  inches  across,  of  tiny  clear 
-/  yellow  flowers,  carried  on  erect  stems  four  or  five  feet  high;  foliage 
fernlike  and  rather  inconspicuous.  Of  rather  coarse  and  weedy  ap- 
pearance, and  not  suit- 
able for  planting  in  small 
gardens,  but  forming  con- 
spicuous masses  of  a 
beautiful  brilliant  lemon 
yellow  which  cannot  be 
obtained  with  any  other 
plant.  Excellent,  there- 
fore, for  garden  compo- 
sitions on  a  large  scale  or 
for  naturalizing  against 
shrubbery  or  in  barren 
places. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  soil;  prefers  dry, 
sunny  places;  usually  re- 
quires staking. 

Propagate  by  cut- 
tings, seeds,  or  chiefly  by 
division  in  spring. 


fmnnry  ubrary 
N.  C.  State  College 


ACHILLEA 


(Named  for  the  Greek  hero  Achilles,  who  is  said  to  have  used  it  to  heal  Telephus) 
Composittt 

88.     Achillea  Millefolium,  var.  roseum 

English  Names:  Rosy  milfoil,  Rosy  yarrow,  Thousand  leaf.  Thousand- 
leaved  clover.  Nosebleed,  Bloodwort,  Carpenter's  grass.  Sanguinary,  Soldier's 
woundwort,  Old-man's  pepper, 

S.  EUROPE,  ASIA,  N.  AMERICA  JULY  THROUGH  SEPTEMBER 


BROAD,  flat  heads  of  tiny  pink  flowers,  carried  on  erect,  leafy  stems 
one  to  three  feet  high.  Foliage  fernlike,  dark  green,  pretty  and 
persistent,  though  rather  inconspicuous.  A  plant  not  often  used  in 
the  herbaceous  border, 
its  somewhat  unrefined 
character,  and  the  fre- 
quency with  which  it  is 
found  in  a  wild  state, 
causing  it  to  be  gen- 
erally classed  as  a  weed. 
Properly  used,  however, 
it  is  eff'ective  in  the 
herbaceous  border;  and 
is  good  for  naturalizing 
in  front  of  shrubbery  or 
in  barren  places  as  it  is 
not  injured  by  drought. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial, of  easiest  culture 
in  any  soil,  even  poor  and 
dry.      Prefers  sun. 

Propagate  by  cuttings 
or  by  division. 


ACHILLEA 

(Named  for  the  Greek  hero  Achilles,  who  is  said  to  have  used  it  to  heal  Telephus) 
Compos  ila 

89.     Achillea  Ptarmica,  var.  flore  pleno,  "The  Pearl" 

English  Names:   Double  Sneezewort,  Sneezewort  yarrow,  White  tansy,  Goose 
tongue,  Wild  pellitory.  Fair  Maids  of  France,  Seven-years'  love. 


HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY, 
TYPE  FROM  N.  TEMPERATE  ZONE 


MID-MAY 
TO  MID-OCTOBER 


DOUBLE  flowers  in  small,  round,  snow^-white  balls,  profusely  borne 
on  branching  leafy  stems,  forming  a  mass  of  bloom  one  to  two  feet 
high.  Foliage  small  and  narrow,  persistent,  but  rather  inconspicuous. 
Good  for  the  herbaceous 
border  on  account  of  its 
profusion  of  bloom;  and 
for  naturalizing  by  the 
waterside.  Excellent  also 
for  cutting.  The  flowers 
should  be  picked  con- 
stantly, for  when  past 
their  first  bloom  they 
turn  brown  and  present 
an  unsightly  rusty  ap- 
pearance. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  good  garden  soil. 
Thrives  best  in  well- 
watered  rich  soil  though 
it  will  stand  a  consider- 
able amount  of  drought. 
Prefers  sun. 

Propagate  by  cut- 
tings or  by  division. 


ACHILLEA 


(Named  for  the  Greek  hero  Achilles,  who  is  said  to  have  used  it  to  heal  Telephus) 

Composita 

143.     Achillea  tomentosa 
English  Names:  Woolly  yarrow,  Woolly  milfoil. 

THE  ORIENT,  ELTROPE,  N.  AMERICA  JUNE  AND  JULY 


SMALL  bright  yellow  flowers  borne  in  clusters  on  a  neat  downy  mat- 
hke  plant  growing  eight  to  ten  inches  high.  Leaves  feathery,  ever- 
green, and  very  pretty.  Excellent  as  an  edging  for  the  herbaceous  bor- 
der, though  perhaps  even 
better  suited  to  the  rock 
garden,  as  its  appearance 
suggests  a  wild  flower 
rather  than  a  carefully 
cultivated  garden  plant. 
Good  also  for  cutting 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  soil,  even  though 
poor  and  dry.  Will 
stand  drought  well  and 
prefers  full  sun. 

Propagate  by  cutting, 
by  seed,  or  by  division. 


rmK^TY  umtAMT 

"'  N.  C  State  College 


ACONITUM 

(From  akoniton,  the  Greek  name  for  the  plant) 
Ranunculaceie 

l8.     Aconitum  Napellus  {J.  pyramiddle;  A.  tauricum) 

English  Names:  Aconite,  Monk's  hood,  Helmet  flower,  Wolf's  bane,  Friar's 
cap,  Friar's  cowl,  Cuckoo's  cap,  Face  in  hood,  Jacob's  chariot,  Blue  rocket. 

EUROPE,  ASIA,  AND  N.  AMERICA  AUGUST  AND  SEPTEMBER 

AN  ORNAMENTAL  plant  with  large  deep  purple  flowers  of  a  curi- 
1\.  ous  helmet  shape,  growing  in  loose  spikes  on  erect  stems  three  to  five 
feet  high.  Foliage  finely  divided,  dark  and  handsome;  persistent.  Ex- 
cellent for  the  herbaceous 
border  or  for  naturalizing 
against  shrubbery,  prefer- 
ably with  light  foliage;but 
should  never  be  planted 
too  near  the  kitchen  gar- 
den or  children's  garden, 
as  the  root  (a  globular 
tuber),  leaves,  and  flowers 
are  highly  poisonous. 
Good  also  for  cutting. 

In  some  localities  the 
Aconite  grows  to  a  height 
of  seven  or  more  feet 
and  has  to  be  staked  or 
treated  as  a  vine;  in 
others  it  barely  attains  a 
height  of  three  feet, 

A  perennial  which, 
though  sometimes  sbw 
in  becoming  established, 
is  perfectly  hardy  when 
once  it  has  a  firm  footing. 
Will  grow  in  any  garden 
soil,  but  a  rich  moist  soil 
is  preferable.  Thrives  in 
open  sun,  but  the  flowers 
will  last  longer  in  shady  places.      Propagate  by  division. 


1 

1:  ■  ■ 

^  1 

i 

!•_       4.        '                  4 

4?r  ■•    ^^ 

1             tf 

.1 .  •   tl^isfffw^^  ^ 

25 


ACONITUM 

(From  akoniten,  the  Greek  name  for  the  plant) 

Ranunculaceet 

19.  Aconitum  Napellus,  var.  album  {A.  pyramiddle,  var.  album; 
A.  tauricum,  var.  album) 

English   Names:  White   monk's   hood,   White   helmet   flower,   White  wolPs 
bane,  White  aconite,  etc. 


EUROPE,  ASIA,  N.  AMERICA 


AUGUST  AND  SEPTEMBER 


AN  ORNAMENTAL  plant  with  large,  slightly  bluish,  white  flowers  of 
Ix.  a  curious  helmet  shape,  growing  in  loose  spikes  on  erect  stems  three 
to  five  feet  high.  Foliage  finely  divided,  dark  and  handsome;  persistent. 
Excellent  for  the  herba- 
ceous border  or  for  natu- 
ralizing against  shrub- 
bery. The  root,  leaves, 
and  flowers  are  highly 
poisonous.  Good  also 
for  cutting. 

In  northern  localities 
the  Aconitum  grows  con- 
siderably taller  than  in 
the  south. 

A  perennial  which, 
though  sometimes  slow  in 
becoming  estabhshed,  is 
perfectly  hardy  whenonce 
it  has  a  firm  footing.  Will 
grow  in  any  garden  soil, 
but  a  rich  moist  one  is  pref- 
erable. Thrives  in  open 
sun,  but  flowers  will  last 
longer  in  shaded  places. 

Propagate  by  di- 
vision. 

Var.  bicolor,  and  var. 
versicolor,  have  large 
mixed  blue-and-white 
flowers   and    are    among 

the  few  flowers  of  mixed  colors  which  are  altogether  pleasing. 

?6 


ADONIS 

(Named  for  the  favorite  of  Venus  in  Greek  legend,  from  whose  blood  the  flower  is  said  to  have  sprung) 
Ranuncutacetz 

133.     Adonis  vernalis  {J.  apennina;  A.  Davurica) 

English  Names:  Vernal  Pheasant's  eye,  Spring  Adonis,  Ox  eye,  Bird's  eye. 

False  hellebore. 


EUROPE 


APRIL  THROUGH  MAY 


IARGE,  solitary  yellow  buttercuplike  flowers  carried  on  very  leafy 
->  stems  about  one  foot  high.  Foliage  finely  cut,  in  whorls  forming 
dense  tufts.  Dies  to  the  ground  after  blooming.  Very  lovely  both  in 
delicacy  and  brillance  of 
flower  and  daintiness  of 
foliage.  May  be  efi'ect- 
ively  used  under  shrub- 
bery to  give  color  in  early 
spring  in  spots  which 
will  later  be  covered  up. 
Excellent  for  the  front  of 
the  herbaceous  border  or 
for  the  rock  garden. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  full  sun  or 
half-shade;  will  grow  in 
any  good  soil,  but  prefers 
a  light  moist  earth  or 
sandy  soil,  and  a  shady 
situation. 

Propagate  by  seed 
sown  as  soon  as  ripe,  or 
by  root  division. 


tl 


AGROSTEMMA 

(From  the  Greek  agros,  a  field,  and  stemma,  a  garland) 
Caryopliyllacea 

84.     Agrostemma  Coronaria  {*L'^chiis  Corondria;  Corondria 
tomentosa) 

English  Names:  Mullen  pink,  Dusty  miller,  Rose  Campion,  Gardener's  eye. 

EUROPE,  ASIA  JUNE  AND  JULY 


IARGE  circular  flowers,  an  inch  and  a  half  across,  varying  from  white 
-/  to  rich  crimson,  borne  singly  on  the  ends  of  stems  which  fork  toward 
the  top  of  the  plant  and  reach  a  height  of  one,  to  two  and  one  half 
feet.  The  leaves  are  long 
and  oval,  somewhat  like 
those  of  the  mullen; 
leaves  and  stems  woolly 
throughout,  of  a  pale 
silvery  color  and  per- 
sistent, though  after 
the  blooming  season 
the  plant  is  considerably 
lower  than  when  in 
bloom.  A  common  plant 
in  old  gardens  and  very 
effective  for  herbaceous 
borders  or  for  the  rock 
garden,  the  flowers,  es- 
pecially the  darker 
shades,  forming  a  strik- 
ing contrast  with  the 
whitish  foliage. 

A  hardy  perennial  or 
self-sowing  biennial  of 
easiest  culture  in  or- 
dinary garden  soil. 
Prefers  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed. 

*Name  most  approved  by  bo- 
tanical authorities. 


a8 


AJUGA 

(From  the  Latin  a,  not,  and  jugare,  to  yoke;   because  the  calyx  is  not  bilabiate) 
Labiata 

1 60.     Ajuga  reptans 

English    Names:    Bugle,    Bugle    weed,   Carpenter's    herb.    Middle    comfrey, 
Middle  consound,  Sicklewort,  Dead  man's  bellows,  Helfringwort,  Wild   mint. 

EUROPE  MAY  AND  EARLY  JUNE 


NUMEROUS  small  blue  flowers  carried  in  erect  spikes,  from  six  to 
twelve  inches  high,  on  creeping  leafy  stems.  Foliage  oval  and 
glossy,  forming  a  dense  ground  covering.  A  very  fast-spreading  creeper 
useful  for  covering  shady 
slopes. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easiest  culture  in  any 
common  soil;  will  grow 
in  sun  or  shade. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 

Var.  rilbra.  More 
commonly  cultivated 
than  the  type,  on  ac- 
count of  its  dark  pur- 
plish leaves;  its  flow- 
ers are  blue  like  those  of 
the  type. 

Var.  variegata  (shown 
in  the  photograph)  has 
leaves  splashed  and  edged 
with  creamy  yellow. 
Not  so  good  as  the  type. 


29 


ALSTROEMERIA 

(Named  for  Baron  Alstroemer,  a  friend  of  Linnxus) 

Amaryllidaceie 

85.     Alstroemeria  chilensis 
English  Names:   Chilian  lily,  Peruvian  lily. 

CHILE  JULY  AND  AUGUST 

SLENDER,  irregular,  lilylike  blossoms  varying  from  rose  to  cream, 
carried  in  a  loose  spike  on  somewhat  weak,  leafy  stems  about  two  and  a 
half  feet  high.  Foliage  rather  slender  and  grayish-green,  not  persistent, 
and  should  be  concealed 
after  thebloomingseason. 
Very  effective  in  the  her- 
baceous border  or  against 
a  background  of  shrub- 
bery. The  flowers  last 
well  when  cut. 

A  delicate  tuberous- 
rooted  perennial  which 
is  usually  hardy  as  far 
north  as  Washington, 
and  with  proper  treat- 
ment seems  regularly 
to  survive  the  winters 
in  points  farther  north. 
Should  be  deeply 
planted  in  a  partially 
shaded  situation.  The 
best  soil  is  a  rather  light 
compound  of  vegetable 
humus;  or  decayed  cow 
or  stable  manure  well 
worked  into  any  light, 
well-drained  soil  will 
do.  Alstroemerias  should 
be  liberally  supphed 
with  water  at  all  times 
during  growth,  and  in  winter  should  be  covered  with  leaves  to  a  depth 
of  eight  inches  or  more.     The  surest  treatment  in  cold  climates  is  to  lift 


30 


85.     Alstroemeria  chilensis  (Continued) 

the  tuber  as  soon  as  the  foliage  has  died  down  and  winter  it  in  any  place 
free  from  frost. 

The  tubers  increase  rapidly  and  the  plant  may  be  helped  by  frequent 
division.  It  may  also  be  easily  propagated  by  seed  sown  in  the  fall  and 
well  protected  in  the  winter;  will  bloom  the  next  summer. 


31 


ALTHAEA 

(From  the  Greek  altheo,  to  cure) 
Malvacea 

I.     Althaea  rosea 
English  Names:  Hollyhock,  Althea  Rose. 

•       CHINA  JULY  AND  AUGUST 


IARGE,  widely  open  single  or  double  flowers,  five  inches  across,  and 
^  ranging  in  color  from  yellow  and  white  through  pink  and  red,  almost 
to  black,  on  a  spirelike  stem  sometimes  over  seven  feet  high.  Leaves 
large,  rough,  irregularly 
round  and  wavy  edged, 
mostly  in  a  clump  at  the 
base  of  the  plant. 

An  old  garden  favorite 
and  unequalled  for  plant- 
ing in  rows  against  walls 
or  at  the  back  of  the  her- 
baceous border. 

A  hardy  biennial 
which  self-sows  so 
readily  that  it  is  often 
considered  a  perennial. 
Since  the  middle  of  the 
last  century  it  has  been 
subject  to  a  fungous  dis- 
ease of  such  virulence  that 
it  has  been  excluded  from 
many  hardy  gardens,  and 
only  now  seems  to  be 
coming  back  into  the 
favor  it  deserves. 
Thorough  spraying  early 
in  the  year,  especially 
of  the  under  side  of  the 
leaves  where  the  dis- 
ease   appears    as    small 

rust  spots,  is  the  only  preventive  known.     Bordeaux  mixture  may  be  used 
or  ammoniacal  carbonate  of  copper,  which  will  not  stain  the  leaves. 


33 


I.     Althaea  rosea  (Continued) 

A  sunny  situation  should  be  chosen  and  the  ground  should  be  deeply 
cultivated  with  a  considerable  quantity  of  rotted  manure  well  worked  in. 
The  roots  should  be  covered  with  manure  in  the  winter,  and  plenty  of 
water  given  in  dry  weather. 

The  single-flowered  forms  are  handsomer  than  the  double  forms,  and 
are  usually  of  freer  growth.  The  "Allegheny"  Hollyhocks  are  a  fine 
large-flowered  strain,  both  single  and  double.  There  is  a  tendency  in  the 
double  forms  to  be  top-heavy,  and  all  forms  sometimes  require  staking. 

Propagate  by  seed  (will  blossom  thesecondyear)or,  if  free  from  disease, 
from  cuttings  from  oflFshoots. 


33 


ALYSSUM 


(The  classical  Greek 


perhaps  signifying  "curing  blindness") 

Crucifera 


139.     Alyssum  saxatile,  var.  compactum 
English  Names:    Rock  Madwort,  Golden  Tuft,  Basket  of  Gold. 


APRIL  AND  MAY 


SMALL,  fragrant,  golden-yellow  flowers  in  compact  clusters  profusely 
borne  on  low,  leafy,  spreading  stems,  woody  at  the  base,  less  than  a 
foot  high.  Leaves  small  and  rather  slender,  silvery  and  persistent,  form- 
ing a  compact  spreading 
mat.  Excellent  for  edg- 
ing the  herbaceous  border 
or  for  the  rock  garden,  on 
account  of  its  neat  habit 
and  the  brilHant  sheet  of 
color  it  forms  in  early 
spring.  Good  also  for 
cutting.  If  the  flower 
stems  are  cut  back  after 
blooming,  a  second  crop 
of  blossoms  may  be  ex- 
pected late  in  the  fall  or 
even  after  frost. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture, 
prefers  well-drained  soil 
and  a  sunny  situation; 
succeeds  in  very  dry 
places. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 

Var.  variegdtum  has 
variegated  foHage  but  is 
not  so  good  as  var.  com- 
pdctum. 


H 


ANCHUSA 


(From  the  Greek  anchouia,  the  ancient  name  of  the  plant  and  also  of  a  red  dye,  "Alkanet,"  made  from  the  roots) 

Boraginacfa 

31.     Anchusa  italica,  van  Dropmore 
English  Names  :   Bugloss  (from  Greek,  meaning  ox  tongue),  Ox  tongue,  Alkanet. 

SOUTH  EUROPE  EARLY  MAY  TO  MID-JULY 


TRUMPET-SHAPED  flowers  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  across, 
of  bright  gentian  blue  in  pyramidal  spikes  formed  of  many- 
small  flower  clusters  on  short  leafy  stems,  carried  on  upright,  much- 
branching  leafy  stalks, 
three  to  six  feet  high. 
The  leaves  are  rough  and 
glossy,  of  a  long  pointed- 
oval-  shape,  sometimes 
two  feet  long  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  plant,  and 
become  unsightly  after 
blooming.  Without 
proper  treatment  the  An- 
chusa is  only  a  rough 
straggling  plant  with 
small  blue  blossoms,  but 
with  proper  treatment  it 
becomes  a  splendid  bright 
blue  pyramid,  compara- 
ble to  the  Larkspur  in 
brilliance,  and  blooming 
continuously  for  two  or 
three  months  if  not  al- 
lowed to  seed. 

A  hardy  perennial  in 
theory;  in  practice  the 
fleshy  roots  become  hol- 
low as  they  grow  old,  fill 
with  water  in  winter,  and 
rot.  It  is  best  propa- 
gated by  root  cuttings  two  or  three  inches  long,  which  should  be  started, 
right  end  up,  in  the  cold-frame  in  October.     In  the  spring  the  young  plants 


35 


31.    Anchusa  italica,  var.  Dropmore  (Continued) 

should  be  set  out  in  deep,  light,  rich  soil  in  a  sunny  situation,  and  well 
cultivated,  giving  plenty  of  water  and,  occasionally,  Hquid  manure.  In 
winter  they  should  be  mulched  and  covered  with  a  little  cone  of  earth  or 
sand  to  prevent  water  from  standing  about  the  roots. 

Anchusaswill  bloom  the  second  year  and,  if  not  winter-killed,  the  third 
as  well.  They  rarely  give  more  than  two  seasons  of  bloom.  They  should 
be  cut  to  the  ground  after  blooming,  fertilized,  and  liberally  watered. 
They  may  also  be  propagated  by  seed,  though  not  so  rapidly. 

Perry's  var.  is  similar  to  the  Dropmore  var.  but  a  little  more  robust. 


ANCHUSA 


(From  the  Greek  anchousa,  the  ancient  name  of  the  plant  and  also  of  a  red  dye,  "  alkanet,"  made  from  the  roots) 

Boraginacecz 

32.     Anchusa  italica,  var.  *'OpaI" 
English  Names:  Bugloss  (from  Greek,  meaning  ox  tongue),  Ox  tongue,  Alkanet. 


SOUTH  EUROPE 


MID-MAY  TO  MID-JULY 


TRUMPET-SHAPED  flowers  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  across, 
of  forget-me-not  blue,  in  pyramidal  spikes  formed  of  many  small 
flower  clusters  on  short  leafy  stems,  carried  on  upright,  much-branching, 
leafy  stalks  three  to  six 
feet  high.  The  leaves  are 
rough  and  glossy,  of  a 
long-pointed,  oval  shape, 
sometimes  two  feet  long 
atthebottomoftheplant, 
and  become  unsightly 
after  blooming.  With- 
out proper  treatment  the 
Anchusa  is  only  a  rough, 
straggling  plant  with 
small  blue  blossoms;  but 
with  proper  treatment  it 
becomes  a  splendid, 
bright  blue  pyramid, 
comparable  to  the  Lark- 
spur in  brilliance,  and 
blooming  continuously 
for  two  or  three  months 
if  not  allowed  to  seed. 

For    cultivation     see 
preceding  page. 

Anchusas  rarely  give 
more  than  two  seasons  of 
bloom.  They  should  be 
cut  to  the  ground  after 
blossoming,  fertilized  and 
liberally  watered.  Propagate  by  root,  cutting  (see  preceding  page),  or 
more  slowly,  by  seed. 


37 


ANEMONE 

(The  Greek  name,  anemone,  the  windflower,  from  anemos,  wind) 
Ranunculacea 

60.     Anemone  japonica 
English  Name:  Japanese  windflower. 

CHINA,  JAPAN  SEPTEMBER  AND  OCTOBER 


BEAUTIFUL,  delicate  single  or  semi-double  flowers,  two  to  three 
inches  in  diameter,  pale  rose  or  white  with  yellow  centres,  borne  on 
slender  branching  stems  two  or  three  feet  high.  The  leaves  are  much 
lobed  and  very  decorative, 
mostly  in  clumps  at  the 
base  of  the  plant.  Very 
handsome  in  the  herba- 
ceous border,  among 
shrubbery,  or  in  clumps 
under  trees.  The  flowers 
are  excellent  for  cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture,  thrives  best 
in  fresh,  rather  rich  sandy 
loam,  well-drained,  but 
will  do  well  in  any  gar- 
den soil  if  not  allowed 
to  suflFer  from  drought 
in  summer,  and  if  pro- 
tected with  a  light  layer 
of  leaves  in  winter.  Will 
grow  in  full  sun,  but 
prefers  a  slight  amount  of 
shade.  Unlike  most  per- 
ennials, it  should  not  be 
disturbed  when  once  es- 
tablished. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  root  off'shoots,  best 
planted  in  the  spring. 

The  following  varieties  are  all  excellent: 

Var.  alba.     Single,  pure  white. 


6o.    Anemone  japonica  {fiontinued) 

Var.  rosea.     Single,  purplish  rose. 
Var.  rubra.     Double,  red. 
Var.  Whirlwind.     Semi-double,  white. 
Var.  Queen  Charlotte.     Semi-double,  pale  silvery  pink. 
Var.  Lady  Ardilaun.     Single,  pure  white,  very  like  var  alba  in  flower, 
but  having  a  waxy  gloss  to  the  foliage. 


39 


ANEMONE 


(The  Greek  name,  anemone,  the  windflower,  from  anemos,  wind) 
Ranunculacea 

126.     Anemone  sylvestris 
English  Name:  Snowdrop  windflower. 

EUROPE.  SIBER'ii  MID-APRIL  THROUGH  JUNE 


IARGE,  fragrant,  pure  white,  waxy,  cup-shaped  flowers,  an  inch  and 
-^  a  half  across,  carried  singly  or  two  together  on  slender,  nodding 
stems  one  foot  to  a  foot  and  a  half  long.  Leaves  fine  and  deeply  cut. 
Excellent  in  clumps  in  the 
herbaceous  border  or 
under  trees,  on  account 
of  the  delicate  beauty  of 
the  flowers.  Good  also 
for  cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  any  good 
soil.  Will  grow  in  sun 
or  shade  though  it  prefers 
shade.  In  the  garden  it 
produces  so  many  off- 
sets that  unless  these  are 
removed  occasionally  the 
plant  will  deteriorate. 

Propagate  by  divi- 
sion. 

Var.  fldre-pleno.  A 
large  double-flowered 
variety  not  so  good  as 
the  type. 


40 


ANTHEMIS 

(From  Anthemis  the  Greek  name  for  the  camomile) 
Composita 

90.     Anthemis  tinctoria 
English  Names:  Golden  Marguerite,  Rock  camomile. 

EUROPE  JUNE  THROUGH  SEPTEMBER 


IARGE  daisylike  golden  flowers,  one  to  two  inches  across,  pro- 
-/  fusely  borne  on  vigorous  bushy  stems  two  to  three  feet  high.  Fo- 
liage finely  cut,  fernlike.  If  planted  in  fairly  large  masses  it  makes  a 
fine  showing,  but  should 
always  be  framed  by 
plants  of  strong  foliage 
as  its  thin  stems  and 
delicate  leaves  are  apt  to 
appear  straggling.  Excel- 
lent for  the  herbaceous 
border  and  for  cut  flowers, 
especially  useful  for  rather 
dry  places. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture; 
will  thrive  in  almost  any 
soil,  but  needs  full  ex- 
posure to  the  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
division. 

A.  Kelwayi  (or  A.  tinc- 
tdriuy  var.  Kelwayi)  has 
more  finely  cut  foliage, 
and  flowers  of  a  deeper 
yellow.    Excellent. 


41 


ANTHERICUM 

(From  the  Greek  anthos,  a  flower,  and  erkos,  a  hedge) 
Liliacea 

91.     Anthericum  Liliastrum,  var.  major  {""Paradisea  Lilidstrum, 

var.  major) 

English  Name:  St.  Bruno's  lily. 


HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY 
TYPE  FROM  S.  EUROPE 


EARLY  MAY  THROUGH  JUNE 


FRAGRANT,  white,  lilylike  flowers  tipped  with  green  on  the  outside, 
two  inches  long  and  two  and  a  half  inches  across,  borne  in  loose  spikes 
on  stems  two  to  three  feet  high.  Foliage  rushlike;  leaves  stiff,  two  feet  or 
so  long,  springing  from 
the  root.  Charming  in 
the  herbaceous  border  or 
rock  garden  (as  might  be 
expected  from  the  name, 
which  signifies  "Star-Uly 
from  Paradise").  Excel- 
lent also  for  cut  flowers. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easiest  culture,  growing 
in  any  garden  soil  in 
sun  or  shade.  Requires 
plenty  of  water  when  in 
bloom,  and  should  have  a 
covering  of  leaves  or  lit- 
ter in  the  winter. 

Propagate  by  seed 
or  by  division. 

The  type,  A.  Lil- 
idstrum^ of  which  var. 
major  is  a  horticultural 
variety,  is  similar  but 
neither  so  large  nor  so 
floriferous. 


*Name  most  approved  by  bo- 
tanical authorities. 


4« 


AQUILEGIA 


(From  the  Latin  aquiUgus,  water-drawer,  not 


commonly  said  from  aquila,  eagle) 


Ranunculacea 

127.     Aquilegia  caerulea   {A.  leptoceras;  A.  macrdntha) 
English     Names:   Rocky  Mountain  columbine,  Long-spurred  columbine. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAINS,  MONTANA  TO  N.  MEXICO  MID-MAY  TO  MID-JUNE 


IARGE  sky-blue  flowers  varying  to  whitish,  two  and  one  half  to  three 
-^  inches  across,  with  long,  slender,  slightly  out-curving  spurs,  tipped 
at  the  end  with  greenish  knobs ;  carried  on  branching  stems  one  to  one  and  a 
half  feet  high.  The  leaves 
are  large  and  handsome, 
divided  into  three-lobed 
leaflets,  but  do  not  last 
after  the  blooming  season. 
Excellent  massed  in 
clumps  in  the  herbaceous 
border  or  rock  garden, 
and  good  for  cut- 
ting. 

Theoretically  a  hardy 
perennial,  it  rarely 
blooms  more  than  two 
or  three  seasons  and 
should  be  treated  as  a  bi- 
ennial. Of  easiest  culture, 
preferring  a  light  sandy 
soil,  moist  but  well- 
drained,  and  a  sunny 
situation. 

May  be  propagated 
by  seed  sown  in  spring, 
but  is  apt  not  to  come 
true  to  seed  if  there  are 
other  varieties  planted 
near,  as  all  Columbines 
hybridize  very  readily. 

Var.  alba.     Similar  but  entirely  white. 

Var.  flore-pleno.     Large  and  showy  flowers,  more  or  less  doubled, 
not  so  graceful  as  the  type. 

43 


AQUILEGIA 


(From  the  Latin  aquilegu 


-drawer,  not  as  is  commonly  said   from  aquila,  eagle) 
Ranunculacets 


38.     Aquilegia  chrysantha  {A.  leptoceras,  var.  chrysdntha) 
English  Name:  Golden-spurred  columbine. 

N.  MEXICO  AND  ARIZONA  EARLY  MAY  TO  EARLY  AUGUST 


NUMEROUS  slightly  fragrant,  clear  yellow  flowers,  two  to  three 
inches  across,  with  rather  straight,  very  slender  divergent  spurs 
two  inches  long,  carried  on  graceful  branching  stems  three  to  four 
feet  high.  Fohage  dark 
and  handsome,  divided 
into  three-lobed  leaflets, 
and  lasting  well  through- 
out the  summer.  Excel- 
lent in  the  herbaceous 
border  or  rock  garden, 
and  good  for  cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial,  the 
most  hardy  of  the  Colum- 
bines, of  easy  culture, 
preferring  a  deep,  moist, 
but  well-drained,  sandy 
loam,  in  a  somewhat  shel- 
tered situation,  but  with 
plenty  of  sun. 

Propagate  by  divi- 
sion or  by  seed,  sown  as 
early  as  possible. 

Var.  dlha.  Flowers 
very  pale  yellowor  nearly 
white . 

Var.  Jaeschkani.  A 
smaller  plant  not  ex- 
ceeding one  and  one  half 
feet  high,  flowers  large, 
yellow  with  red  spurs, 
thought  to  be  a  hybrid  of  A.  chrysdntha  and  A.  Skinneri,  hence  some- 
times called  A,  Skinneri^  var.  hybrida. 

44 


AQUILEGIA 


(From  the  Latin  aquilegus. 


r-drawer,  not  as  is  commonly  said  from  aquila,  eagle) 
Ranuncula(ea 


68.     Aquilegia  vulgaris,  var.  nivia  grandiflora 
{A.  vulgaris^  var.  alba,  A.  stelldta,  A.  atrdta) 

English  Names:   Common  European  columbine,  Munstead's  white  columbine. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY  MID-MAY  TO  MID-JUNE 

TYPE  FROM  EUROPE  AND  SIBERIA 


APROFUSION  of  large  pure  white  flowers  with  stout,  much  incurved 
spurs,  knobbed  at  the  end,  carried  on  graceful  branching  stems  from 
one  and  one  half  to  three  feet  high.  Foliage  durable  and  handsome,  divided 
into  three-lobed  leaflets, 
forming  a  vigorous  plant 
of  compact  habit.  Excel- 
lent in  the  herbaceous 
border  or  rock  garden, 
and  good  for  cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture,  preferring 
a  light,  fairly  rich  sandy 
loam,  moist  but  well- 
drained,  a  somewhat  shel- 
tered situation,  and  plenty 
of  sun. 

Propagate  best  by 
seed. 

A.  vulgaris^  the  type 
of  which  A.  vulgaris  var. 
nivia  grandiflora  is  a 
horticultural  variety,  has 
given  rise  to  a  host  of 
varieties  and  hybrids 
ranging  through  many 
peculiar  shades  of  pink 
and  blue.  As  many  of 
these  are  ugly,  the  white 
form  is  the  only  one 
recommended;  it  cer- 
tainly is  the  finest. 

Var.  flore-pleno  is  a  series  of  much-doubled  forms,  of  a  wide  range  of 
color,  not  so  fine  as  the  single  forms. 

45 


ARABIS 


(From  arabis,  the  Greek  name  meaning  the  "Arabian  plant") 

Crucifem 

159.     Arabis  albida  {J,  caucdsica) 
English  Names:  White  rockcress,  White  molewort. 

EUROPE  APRIL  AND  MAY 


VERY  fragrant,  pure  white  flowers,  in  small  loose  clusters  profusely 
borne  on  stiflF,  erect,  branching,  leafless  stems  six  to  eight  inches 
high.  Leaves  long-oval,  scalloped  along  the  edges,  and  rather  thick, 
growing  close  to  the 
ground  at  the  base  of 
the  flower  stalks;  persist- 
ent.  Excellent  for 
edgings  in  the  herbaceous 
border,  for  rock  gardens, 
or  for  covering  bare 
places  or  steep  banks. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture, thriving  even  in 
poor  soil.  Requires  plenty 
of  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  and  by  division. 

Var.  variegatdy  a  va- 
riety with  gold  and  green 
variegated  foliage. 

Var.  flore-pleno,  dou- 
ble flowers. 

Neither  so  good  as  the 
type. 


ARMERIA 

(An  old  Latin  name) 
Plumbaginacea 

i6l.     Armeria  maritima  var.  splendens  {J.  vulgaris,  var.  splendens) 

English  Names:  Thrift,  Sea  pink,  Cushion  pink,  Seaside  thrift,  Sea  turf. 
Cliff  rose.  Ladies'  cushion.  Sea  cushion,  Marsh  or  sea  daisy,  French  or  Scawfall 
pink.  Sea  gilliflower,  Sea  grass. 

EUROPE  AND  N.  AMERICA  ALONG  THE  SEACOAST  LATE  MAY  TO  MID-JUNE 


SMALL  pink  flowers  in  dense  globular  heads  an  inch  and  a  half  in 
diameter,  borne  on  straight,  naked  stalks  two  to  twelve  inches  high. 
Foliage  in  rosettes  of  narrow  evergreen  leaves  close  to  the  ground. 
Blooms  profusely  and  is 
excellent  for  rock  gardens 
and  as  an  edging  for 
the  herbaceous  border, 
especially  on  account  of 
its  low,  trim  evergreen 
foliage. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture even  in  poor  soil. 
Will  stand  a  considerable 
amount  of  drought.  Pre- 
fers well-drained  sandy 
loam  and  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
division. 


47 


ASCLEPIAS 

(From  AskUpios,  the  Greek  name  for  JEsculapius,  a  legendary  physician) 

Asclepiadacea 

92.     Asclepias  tuberosa 

English  Names:  Butterfly  weed,  Pleurisy  root,  Canada  root,  Indian  posy, 
Orange  root,  Orange  swallow  wort,  Tuber  root,  White  root,  Wind  root.  Yellow 
or  orange  milkweed. 

N.  AMERICA  MID-JULY  TO  MID-AUGUST 


1ARGE,  fragrant  clusters  of  brilliant  yellow  or  orange  flowers  carried 
^  on  erect  stems  two  to  three  feet  high.  Leaves  small,  elongated 
oval,  light  in  color,  and  not  particularly  conspicuous.  When  in  bloom 
one  of  the  most  gorgeous 
flowers  in  the  garden,  but 
should  be  cut  down  or 
hidden  when  bloom  is 
past.  Excellent  for  the 
herbaceous  border,  for 
planting  in  clumps  among 
shrubs,  and  good  for  cut- 
ting. 

One  of  the  hardiest 
perennials,  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  soil,  grows 
well  in  dry  banks  and 
fields  in  full  sun. 

Propagate  by  divi- 
sion. 


48 


ASTER 


(From  the  Greek  aster,  star) 
Compositce 

144.     Aster  alpinus 
English  Names:   Dwarf  aster,  Alpine  aster. 

KL'ROI'E  EARLY  MAY  TO  MID-JUNE 


IARGE,  solitary,  star-shaped  flowers,  bluish-purple  with  yellow  centres, 
^  borne  on  small-leaved  stems  three  to  ten  inches  high.  Larger 
pointed-oval  leaves  form  handsome  clusters  on  the  ground.  Excellent 
for  rock  garden  or  for 
edging  the  herbaceous 
border. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easy  culture  in 
any  ordinary  soil.  Will 
grow  in  sun  or  partial 
shade,  but  should  be  pro- 
tected from  very  hot  sun 
in  summ.er. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
or  generally  by  divi- 
sion, 

Var.  speciosus.  Taller 
and  stronger  than  the 
type,  with  large  rich  pur- 
ple flowxrs  three  to  four 
inches  across. 

Var  dlbus.  Flowers 
pure  white. 

Var.  superbus.  Showy 
free-flowering  form  with 
large  bright  blue  flowers. 


49 


ASTER 

(From  the  Greek  aster,  star) 
Composita 

69.     Aster  grandiflorus 

English  Names:   Michaelmas  daisy,  Starwort. 


N.  AMERICA 


SEPTEMBER  AND  OCTOBER 


IARGE,  dark  bluish-violet  starlike  flowers,  sometimes  two  inches  in 
^  diameter  with  yellow  centres,  freely  borne  on  distinctive  bushy 
plants  two  or  three  feet  tall.  The  finest  flower  of  the  hardy  Asters  and 
the  latest  to  come  into 
bloom.  Excellent  for  the 
herbaceous  border  or  for 
naturalizing  among 
shrubbery. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  ordinary  soil,  even 
though  poor  and  dry.  It 
well  repays  careful  atten- 
tion, however,  for  planted 
in  good  soil  and  given 
plenty  of  moisture,  very 
handsome  specimen 
plants  may  be  developed. 
Should  have  full  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed 
or  by  division. 


-% 

S^ 

2 

tt 

^s 

m 

S 

'^sS^ 

^^m 

JHB 

j^^ 

^^ 

$■/' 

%  '^ 

/  , 

5° 


ASTER 

(From  the  Greek  aster,  star) 
Compoiita 

20.     Aster  novae-angliae 

English   Names:  New   England   aster,   Michaelmas   daisy,   Starwort,   Frost- 
flower,  Good-bye-summer. 


NEW  ENGLAND 


SEPTEMBER  AND  OCTOBER 


STAR-SHAPED  flowers  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  diameter, 
of  various  shades  of  bluish-violet  with  yellow  centres,  covering 
much-branching  shrubby  plants  three  to  five  feet  high.  Foliage  coarse 
and  rather  inconspicuous, 
especially  at  the  bottom 
of  the  plant,  which  should 
be  concealed  by  one  of  the 
lower-growing  varieties. 
Striking  in  the  herbaceous 
border  or  among  shrub- 
bery. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  ordinary  soil, 
even  though  poor  and 
dry.  Responds  readily, 
however,  to  good  soil  and 
moisture.  Will  not  en- 
dure much  shade. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 

Var.  Wm.  Bowman. 
Large  rosy-purple  flow- 
ers somewhat  taller  than 
the  type.      Excellent. 


ASTER 

(From  the  Greek  aster,  star) 

Composita 

21.     Aster  novae-angliae,  var.  roseus 

English  Names:  New  England    aster,    Michaelmas   daisy,    Starwort,   Frost- 
flower,  Good-bye-summer. 


NEW  ENGLAND 


SEPTEMBER  AND  OCTOBER 


STAR-SHAPED  flowers  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  in  diameter,  of 
clear  rose  color  with  yellow  centre,  covering  much-branching  shrubby 
plants  three  to  five  feet  high.  Foliage  coarse  and  rather  inconspicuous, 
especially  at  the  bottom 
of  the  plant,  which  should 
be  concealed  by  one  of  the 
lower-growing  varieties. 
Striking  in  the  herbaceous 
border  or  among  shrub- 
bery. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  ordinary  soil,  even 
though  poor  and  dry. 
Responds  readily,  how- 
ever, to  good  soil  and 
moisture.  Will  not  en- 
dure much  shade. 

Var.  Mrs.  J.  F.  Ray- 
nor,  taller  than  the  type, 
with  vivid  crimson  flow- 


P^M^ 


'-^m 


%^*Xi€'fMiiM 


S2 


ASTER 

(From  the  Greek   aster,  star) 
Composilti 

22.     Aster  novi-belgii,  var.  F.  W.  Burbidge 
English  Names:  New  York  aster,  Starwort. 


N.  AMERICA 


SEPTEMBER  AND  OCTOBER 


STAR-SHAPED  flowers  an  inch  in  diameter,  of  light  pinkish  lavender 
with  yellow  or  brownish  centres,  covering  much-branching  shrubby 
plants  three  to  four  feet  high.  Foliage  rather  inconspicuous  but  better 
than  that  of  the  New 
England  varieties;  liable 
to  mildew  in  cool  damp 
weather,  but  without  in- 
jury to  the  plant.  Excel- 
lent for  the  herbaceous 
border,  especially  in  front 
of  the  taller-growing 
varieties;  or  for  planting 
among  shrubbery. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  ordinary  soil, 
responds  readily,however, 
to  good  soil  and  moisture. 
Prefers  full  sun.  Propa- 
gate by  seed  or  by  division. 

There  are  many  other 
excellent  named  horticul- 
tural varieties.  Among 
the  best  of  the  pinkish 
shades  are: 

Var.  Colarette.  Light 
rose-pink,  two  to  three 
feet    high.  Does    not 

branch   so   freely   as  the 
foregoing. 

Var.  Elsie  Perry.     Small  bright  rose-pink  flowers  thickly  covering  the 
plant,  about  three  feet  high. 


53 


ASTER 

(From  the  Greek  aster,  star) 
Compositis 

23.     Aster  novi-belgii,  var.  Top  Sawyer 
English  Names:  New  York  aster,  Starwort. 

N.  AMERICA  SEPTEMBER  AND  OCTOBER 


STAR-SHAPED  flowers  over  an  inch  wide,  of  clear  Parma-violet 
blue  with  yellow  or  brownish  yellow  centre,  covering  much- 
branching  shrubby  plants  four  to  five  feet  high.  Foliage  rather  in- 
conspicuous but  better 
than  that  of  the  New 
England  varieties;  liable 
to  mildew  in  cool,  damp 
weather  but  without  in- 
jury to  the  plant. 

Excellent  for  the  her- 
baceous border  or  among 
shrubbery. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  ordinary  soil,  even 
though  poor  and  dry. 
Responds  readily,  how- 
ever, to  good  soil  and 
moisture.  Prefers  full 
sun.  Propagate  by  seed 
or  by  division. 

There  are  many  other 
excellent  named  horticul- 
tural varieties;  among  the 
best  are: 

Var.  Beauty  of  Col- 
wall.  Large  semi-double, 
blue-lavender  flowers, 
free-branching,  upright 
habit, about  four  feethigh. 

Var.     Mrs.  D.  Evans.     Large,  showy  azure-blue  flowers,  in  unusually 
close  formation,  about  three  feet  high. 

Var.     Dwarf  White  Queen.     Large  pure  white  flowers.     Plant  of  fine 
habit,  about  two  feet  high. 

54 


ASTER 

(From  the  Greek  alter,  star) 
Composita 

III.     Aster  ptarmicoides 
English  Names:   Bouquet  star-flower,  Yarrow-leaved  starv\ort. 


N.  AMERICA 


JULY  AND  AUGUST 


SMALL  pure  white  star-shaped  flowers  in  great  profusion  covering  a 
dwarf  plant  of  neat  upright  habit  one  to  two  feet  high.  The 
individual  flowers  are  not  so  full  or  w^ell  formed  as  in  some  of  the  other 
varieties,  but  the  thick- 
ness with  which  they 
cover  the  plant  makes  up 
for  the  thinness  in  detail. 
Foliage  finely  cut  and 
dainty.  Good  for  the 
front  of  the  herbaceous 
border  or  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easy  culture  in 
any  ordinary  soil,  even 
though  poor  and  dry. 
Responds  readily,  how- 
ever, to  good  soil  and 
moisture.     Prefers  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 


.  SS 


ASTILBE 

(From  the  Greek  a,  without,  and  stilbe,  brightness) 
Saxifragacea 

8.     Astilbe  Davidii 
English  Names:  False  goat's  beard,  Chinese  astilbe. 

CHINA  JULY  AND  AUGUST 


SMALL  rosy-violet  blossoms  in  long,  very  showy,  feathery  clusters, 
much  like  those  of  the  Spirea  in  form  though  more  lax  and  reaching  a 
length  of  two  feet,  borne  on  branching  leafy  stems  from  four  to  seven  feet 
high.  Foliage  compound, 
like  that  of  a  rose,  bronzy 
when  young,  turning  to  a 
rich  dark  green,  forming 
a  very  handsome  plant. 
Striking  in  the  herba- 
ceous border  or  among 
shrubbery.  Good  also  for 
cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial 
of  easy  culture  in  any 
good  garden  soil.  Pre- 
fers half-shade. 

Propagate  by  divi- 
sion. 


5^ 


BAPTISIA 


(From  the  Greek  bapio,  to  dye,  referring  to  the  coloring  matter  in  some  species) 
l.fguminoitT 

42.     Baptisia  australis  (B.  coerulea;  B.  exaltdta) 
English  Names:  False  indigo,  Blue  wild  indigo,  Blue  rattle  bush. 

PENNA.  SOUTH  TO  GA.  AND  N.  C.  JUNE 


IARGE  pea-shaped  blue  flowers,  nearly  an  inch  in  length,  in  long  ter- 
-/  minal  spikes,  rising  from  a  bushy  plant  to  a  height  of  three  to  five 
feet.  Foliage  sea-green,  roundish-oval  leaves  in  groups  of  three.  Lasts 
in  good  condition  through 
August,  after  which  the 
foliage  blackens.  This  is 
undoubtedly  the  best 
species  of  Baptisia  in 
cultivation  on  account 
of  its  good  habit  and 
showy,  well-colored 
flowers.  An  excellent 
plant  for  the  herbaceous 
border,  though  it  should 
always  be  so  placed  that 
its  unsightliness  in  late 
summer  will  not  be  notice- 
able. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  any  ordi- 
nary soil.  Prefers  free 
exposure  to  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
bv  division. 


57 


BELLIS 

L 
(From  the  low  Latin  bellus,  pretty) 

Composita 

i66.     Bellis  perennis 

English  Names:  English  or  garden  daisy,  Dicky  daisy,  Dog  daisy,  Childing 
daisy,  Bairnwort,  Bone  flower,  Bruise  wort,  Consound,  Gowan,  Marguerite. 

W.  EUROPE  APRIL  TO  EARLY  JUNE 


SOLITARY  double  daisy  flowers,  one  inch  or  more  across,  with  white 
rays  tipped  with  pink  or  red,  frequently  so  numerous  as  to  conceal 
the  yellow  centre;  on  stiflf  erect  stems  three  to  six  inches  high.  Leaves 
in  a  cluster  at  the  base 
of  the  flower  stalk,  some- 
what rough,  spatulate, 
bright  green,  and  persist- 
ent. A  favorite  plant 
for  edging  the  herbaceous 
border,  often  used  as  a 
bedding  plant  and  re- 
moved after  blooming,  as 
it  is  then  apt  to  look 
rather  unkempt. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture,  thrives  in 
cool,  moist,  rich  soil,  and 
requires  sun.  Should  be 
protected  by  a  light 
mulch  in  winter. 

Propagate  by  seed 
sown  in  the  spring  or  by 
division    in    September. 


.CS 


BOCCONIA 

(Named  for  the  Sicilian  botanist  and  author  Dr.  Paolo  Boccone — d.  1704) 
Papaveracea 

2.     Bocconia  cordata  {B.  japonica) 
English  Names:   Plume  poppy,  Tree  celandine. 

CHINA,  JAPAN  JULY 

SMALL  pinkish-white  flowers  borne  in  great  plumy  terminal  masses 
high  above  the  handsome  foliage,  on  vigorous  leafy  stems  five  to 
eight  feet  tall.  Leaves  large,  dull  green,  heart-shaped,  and  much  lobed, 
resembling  in  texture  and 
form  those  of  the  blood 
root;  persistent.  After 
the  blooming  season  the 
feathery  efi'ect  is  pre- 
served by  the  terminal 
plumes  of  seeds,  quite  as 
decorative  as  the  flowers. 
Excellent  for  the  wild 
garden  or  shrubbery  on 
account  ofits  stri  Ic- 
ing sub-tropical  eff'ect. 
Though  extremely  effec- 
tive also  in  the  back  of 
large  herbaceous  borders, 
it  is  there  apt  to  prove 
troublesome  as  it  spreads 
very  rapidly  by  suckers. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest 
culture;  being  a  gross 
feeder  it  does  best  in 
very  rich  soil,  but  will 
grow  anx-where.  Re- 
quires sun. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
or  usually  by  suckers, 
any  one  of  which,  if  detached,  will  make  a  strong  plant  in  a  single  season. 


SO 


BOLTONIA 

(Named  from  the  English  botanist,  James  Bolton,  i8th  century) 
Composite 

9.     Boltonia  latisquama 
English  Name:  False  camomile. 

KANSAS,  MISSOURI  LATE  JULY  THROUGH  SEPTEMBER 


IARGE,  rosy-lavender,  asterlike  flowers  with  yellow  centres,  carried 
-^  in  profusion  on  tall,  much-branching  leafy  stems,  from  three  to  six 
feet  tall.  Foliage  bright  green,  pointed-oval,  very  like  that  of  the  Asters, 
from  which  this  plant 
differs  only  in  technical 
characteristics.  Very  at- 
tractive in  rough  places 
or  at  the  back  of  the 
herbaceous  border, 
though  it  sometimes 
proves  troublesome  there 
as  it  spreads  very  rapidly. 
Excellent  also  for  cutting. 
Low-growing  Asters, 
hardy  Chrysanthemums, 
or  other  suitable  plants 
should  always  be  planted 
in  front,  as  the  stems 
do  not  branch  near  the 
ground  and  the  lower 
part  is  apt  to  look  bare 
and  weedy. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  soil,  even  though 
poor  and  dry,  though  it 
responds  readily  to  good 
soil  and  does  well  in  moist 
situations.  Prefers  sun. 
Propagate  by  division. 


M 

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ilt^^^dS^S 

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1  A-'* 

\*    / . 

CALLIRHOE 

(The  name  of  several  women  in  Greek  mythology) 
^^alvace<^ 

140.     Callirhoe  involucrata 
English  Name:   Poppy  mallow. 

MINNESOTA  TO  TEXAS  JULY  THROUGH  OCTOBER 


IARGE,  mallowlike  flowers  varying  from  rose  to  cherry-red  and 
-^  crimson-purple,  with  white  centres,  carried  nine  to  twelve  inches 
above  the  ground  on  creeping  stems.  Leaves  rnthcr  large,  round  in  outline, 
and  palmately  divided; 
persistent. 

Excellent  for  b  are 
places  and  for  the  rock 
garden,  and  good  for  the 
front  of  the  herbaceous 
border. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture, will  grow  well  in 
ordinary  soil,  but  does 
best  in  a  light  rich  soil. 
Prefers  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
from  which  it  will  blos- 
som the  first  year,  also 
by  cuttings. 

Var.  line  ar  Hob  a. 
Thrives  even  in  very  dry 
soil,  the  roots  penetrat- 
ing to  a  great  depth. 


61 


CAMPANULA 

(From  the  Latin  campanula,  a  little  bell) 
Campanulacea 

145.     Campanula  carpatica 
English  Names:  Carpathian  harebell,  Bellflower. 

TRANSYLVANIA  MID-JUNE  TO  MID-OCTOBER 


LARGE,  erect,  purple-blue  cup-shaped  flowers  an  inch  and  a  half 
J  across,  carried  on  delicate  branching  stems  six  to  twelve  inches  high. 
Leaves  pointed-oval,  somewhat  heart-shaped,  with  wavy  edges,  forming 
very  neat  and  dainty 
clumps;  persistent.  Un- 
excelled for  the  rock  gar- 
den or  for  edging  the 
herbaceous  border,  good 
also  for  cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture,  especially  in 
the  Northern  States,  in 
any  rich,  well-drained  gar- 
den soil.     Prefers  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 

Var.  turhindta  (Tur- 
ban bellflower).  Dwarfer 
and  more  compact  than 
the  type,  with  purplish- 
blue  flowers  more  bell- 
shaped  and  often  two 
inches  across,  larger 
leaves,  and  less  erect 
habit.     Excellent. 


62 


CAMPANULA 

(From  the  Latin  campanula,  a  little  bell) 
Campanulacea 

146.     Campanula  carpatica,  van  alba 
English  Names:  White  Carpathian  harebell,  Bellflower. 

TRANSYLVANIA  MID-JUNE  TO  MID-OCTOBER 


LARGE,  erect,  white  cup-shaped  flowers,  an  inch  and  a  half  across, 
J  carried  on  delicate  branching  stems,  six  to  twelve  inches  high. 
Leaves  pointed-oval,  somewhat  heart-shaped,  with  wavy  edges,  forming 
very  neat  and  dainty 
clumps;  persistent.  Un- 
excelled for  the  rock  gar- 
den or  for  edging  the 
herbaceous  border,  good 
also  for  cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture,  especially 
in  the  Northern  States, 
in  any  rich,  well-drained 
garden  soil.     Prefers  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 


63 


CAMPANULA 

(From  the  Latin  campanula,  a  little  bell) 

Campamdaceii 

112.     Campanula  glomerata 
English  Names:  Clustered  bellflower,  Dane's  blood. 

EUROPE,  ARMENIA,  PERSIA,  SIBERIA  JUNE  AND  JULY 


PURPLISH-BLUE  funnel-shaped  flowers  one  inch  across  in  dense 
clusters,  fifteen  to  twenty  in  the  terminal  heads,  fewer  in  the  axillary 
ones,  on  erect  stems  one  to  two  feet  high.  Lower  leaves  rough  and  hairy, 
elongated  heart-shaped, 
two  inches  long,  upper 
ones  smaller  and  nar- 
rower. The  foliage  lasts 
well  after  the  blooming 
season,  though  it  forms  a 
plant  considerably  lower 
than  when  in  bloom. 
Good  for  the  front  of  the 
herbaceous  border  and  for 
cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  rich,  well- 
drained  loam.  Prefers 
sun. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 

Var.  dahurica.  Flowers 
larger  and  bluer  than  the 
type,  in  clusters  three 
inches  thick.     Excellent. 


64 


CAMPANULA 


■tpanula,  a  little  bell) 


Campanulacttz 


43.     Campanula  latifolia,  var.  macrantha  (C  macrdntha) 
English  Names:  Great  bellflower,  Coventry  bells. 

CENTRAL  EUROPE,  PERSIA  LATE  MAY  TO  MID-JULY 


LARGE,  erect,  purple  or  dark  blue  bell-shaped  flowers,  two  inches  or 
J  more  long,  in  a  loose  spike  about  eight  inches  long,  of  six  to  fifteen 
flowers,  borne  on  stems  three  to  four  feet  tall.  Leaves  large,  hairy,  and 
heart-shaped,  sometimes 
six  inches  long  at  the 
bottom,  smaller  and  more 
pointed  higher  up.  Some- 
what rank  in  growth. 
Excellent  for  the  herba- 
ceous border  and  for  cut 
ting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  rich,  well- 
drained  loam.  Prefers 
sun. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 


6S 


CAMPANULA 

(From  the  Latin  campanula,  a  little  bell) 

Campanuldcfo' 

44.     Campanula  Medium 
English  Names:  Canterbury  bells,  Marian,  Mercury's  violet. 

S.  EUROPE  EARLY  JUNE  TO  MID-JULY 


TUBULAR  bell-shaped  flowers  one  to  two  inches  long,  of  blue,  purple, 
pink,  or  white  in  a  loose-spreading  spike,  along  an  erect  stem  one  to 
four  feet  high.     Leaves  rather  small  and  pointed. 

An  old  garden  plant, 
and  probably  the  best 
known  of  the  Campa- 
nulas. Excellent  for  the 
herbaceous  border  and 
for  cutting. 

Not  a  perennial,  but 
a  hardy  biennal,  flowering 
the  second  year  from 
seed  sown  in  the  open. 
It  may  also  be  treated 
as  a  tender  annual,  the 
seed  being  sown  indoors 
in  early  spring  and  the 
young  plants  set  out  in 
the  first  half  of  May. 
These  will  then  flower 
well  the  first  year,  but  are 
always  better  the  second 
year.  Some  protection 
in  winter  is  necessary. 

The  best  soil  is  a  rich, 
well-drained  loam,though 
any  garden  soil  will  do. 
Prefers  sun. 

Var.  calycdnthema 
(cup  and  saucer,  hose-in- 
hose).  A  double  form,  in  which  the  sepals  have  grown  together  form- 
ing a  saucer  similar  in  color  and  texture  to  the  corolla,  unusually  inter- 
esting and  attractive,  and  more  popular  though  not  so  graceful  as  the  type. 

66- 


CAMPANULA 

(From  the  Latin  campanula,  a  little  bell) 
Campanulacea 

93.     Campanula  persicifolia 
English  Names:   Peach-leaf  campanula,  Peach  bells. 

CENTRAL  AND  N.  EUROPE  EARLY  JUNE  TO  EARLY  JULY 


MANY  large  purplish-blue  cup-shaped  flowers,  often  an  inch  and  a 
half  long  and  two  inches  broad,  ranging  along  erect  stems  two  to 
three  feet  high,  and  borne  above  a  tuft  of  pretty,  narrow-toothed  leaves 
resembling  those  of  the 
peach  in  form  and  size. 
Probably  the  greatest 
fovorite  among  the  Cam- 
panulas, very  graceful  in 
groups  in  the  herbaceous 
border,  or  against  shrub- 
bery, and  good  for  cut- 
ting. If  cut  back  it  will 
blossom  a  second  time. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  rich  soil  in  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 

There  are  many  horti- 
cultural varieties  of  C. 
persicifolia,  a  number  of 
which  are  excellent. 
Among  these  are: 

Var.  grandifiora,  with 
larger  flowers  than  the 
type. 

Var.  fnacrchitha,  a 
large-flowered  form  with 
flowers  all  along  the  stem. 


CAMPANULA 

(From  the  Latin  campanula,  a  little  bell) 

Campanuldcea 

94.     Campanula  persicifolia,  var.  alba 
English  Names:  White  peach-leaf  campanula,  White  peach  bells. 


HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY 
TYPE  FROM  CENTRAL  AND  N.  EUROPE 


EARLY  JUNE  TO 
EARLY  JULY 


MANY  large  white  cup-shaped  flowers,  often  an  inch  and  a  half  long 
and  two  inches  broad,  ranging  along  erect  stems  two  to  three  feet 
high,  and  borne  above  a  tuft  of  pretty^  narrow-toothed  leaves  resembling 
those  of  the  peach  in 
form  and  size.  Probably 
the  greatest  favorite 
among  the  Campanulas, 
very  graceful  in  groups 
in  the  herbaceous  border, 
or  against  shrubbery,  and 
good  for  cutting.  If  cut 
back  it  will  blossom  a 
second  time. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  rich  soil  in  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 

There  are  many  white 
horticultural  varieties  of 
C.  persicifolia,  a  number 
of  which  are  excellent. 
Among  these  are: 

Var.  alba  grandiflora. 
Very  large  white  cup- 
shaped  flowers,  one  of 
the  finest  of  the  Cam- 
panulas. 

Var.  Backhousei, 
double  white  camellia- 
Hke   flowers   all   along  the   stem,  flowers   much  larger  than   the  type. 

Var.  Moerheimi,  another  fine  white  double-flowered  variety. 


CAMPANULA 


(From  the  Latin  campanula,  a  little  bell) 


41. 


Campanulacea 

Campanula  rotundifolia 


English  Names:   English  Hare  bell,  Hair  bell,  Air  bell,  Blue  bells  of  Scotland, 
Witch's  bell.  Lady's  or  Witch's  thimble. 


EUROPE,  SIBERIA,  WESTERN  N.  AMERICA 


JUNE  THROUGH  AUGUST 


SMALL,  drooping,  purplish-blue  bell-shaped  flowers,  the  flower  buds 
being  erect,  borne  on  delicate  wiry  stems  six  to  twelve  inches  high. 
The  foliage  is  very  small  and  inconspicuous.  Naturalized  in  the  woods, 
it  grows  taller  and  more 
slender,  often  reaching  a 
height  of  two  feet.  A 
very  lovely  little  plant, 
well  known  in  literature, 
especially  suited  for  the 
rock  garden  and  for 
naturalizing.  It  is  also 
useful  for  edging  the 
herbaceous  border,  but  is 
liable  to  be  crowded  out 
by  other  plants. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  rich,  well- 
drained  loam.  Prefers 
sun. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 


CASSIA 


(An  ancient  Greek  plant  name,  derived  from  the  Hebrew) 

Leguminosa 

12.     Cassia  marylandica 
English  Names:  American  senna,  Wild  senna. 

NEW  ENGLAND  TO  MICHIGAN  AND  SOUTH  JULY  AND  AUGUST 


NUMEROUS  small  bright-yellow  flowers,  shaped  somewhat  like  a 
pea  blossom,  with  chocolate-colored  anthers,  in  axillary  clusters  near 
the  top  of  a  handsome  shrublike  plant  three  to  five  feet  high.  The  foliage 
is  compound  and  finely 
cut,  like  that  of  the  sen- 
sitive plant,  light  green 
in  color,  and  very  at- 
tractive. After  blooming 
the  foliage  dies  and  should 
be  cut  down  or  hidden  by 
other  plants. 

Handsome  among 
shrubbery  or  in  the  her- 
baceous border,  and  very 
valuable  for  naturalizing 
in  waste  places. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture, thriving  even  in 
poor  soil.  Will  grow 
either  in  wet  or  dry 
places,  its  only  require- 
ment being  plenty  of  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  oi 
by  division. 


70 


CENTAUREA 


(From  thf  Greek  kentauros,  a  centaur,  the  herb  being  said  to  have  cured   a  wounded  centaur) 
Composilir 

45.     Centaurea  macrocephala 
English  Names:  Centaury,  Hardheads,  Great  golden  knapweed,  Star  thistle. 


ARMENIA 


JULY  AND  AUGUST 


V 


ERY  large  globular  bright-yellow  flowers,  often  three  to  four  inches 
in  diameter,  carried  on  unbranching,  erect,  leafy  stems  from  two  and 


one  half  to  three  feet  high, 
narrow,  and  smaller  at 
the  top  than  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  plant.  The 
most  showy  Centaury  and 
probably  the  best.  Ex- 
cellent for  the  herbaceous 
border  or  for  planting  in 
front  of  shrubbery,  and 
especially  good  for  cut- 
ting, the  flowers  preserv- 
ing their  freshness  for  a 
long  time. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  any  good 
garden  soil.     Prefers  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed. 


Foliage  handsome,  leaves  pointed-oval,  rather 


71 


CENTAUREA 


(From  the  Greek  kentauros,  a  centaur,  the  herb  being  said  to  have  cured  a  wounded  centaur) 

Composite 

105.     Centaurea  montana 

English  Names:  Perennial  cornflower,  Mountain  bluet,  Bluebottle,  Bachelor's 
buttons.  Blue  bonnets,  Mountain  knapweed,  Com  centaury,  Break-your- 
spectacles. 

EUROPE  JUNE  THROUGH  AUGUST 


1ARGE,  flat  blue  flowers  which  turn  purple  as  they  grow  old,  two  or 
-i  more  inches  in  diameter,  resembling  the  cornflower,  profusely  car- 
ried on  erect  unbranching  stems  one  to  two  feet  high.  The  leaves  are 
pointed-oval  and,  when 
young,  downy  white. 
Compact  dwarf  plants, 
good  for  the  herbaceous 
border  and  for  cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  any  good 
garden  soil.     Prefers  sun. 

Var.  alba.  Similar  to 
the  type  with  white 
flowers.  Excellent 
though  sometimes  rather 
grayish  in  color. 

Var.  rosea.  Similar 
to  the  type,  rose-colored 
flowers. 

Var.  citrina  {sul- 
-phurea).  Flowers  yellow 
with  brown  centres,  not 
so  good  as  the  type. 


72 


CERASTIUM 

(From  the  Greek  keras,  a  horn,  referring  to  the  shape  of  the  pod) 
Caryophyllacfa 

162.     Cerastium  tomentosum 
English  Names:  Snow-in-summer,  Mouse-eared  chickweed. 

EUROPE  MAY  TO  MID-JUNE 


SMALL  white  flowers  carried  about  six  inches  high  on  rather  weak, 
creeping  stems.  Leaves  roundish-oblong,  downy  and  silvery,  whence 
the  name  "  mouse-ear."  Good  for  covering  dry,  sunny  places,  for  the  rock 
garden,  or  for  edging  the 
herbaceous  border.  The 
flowers  though  pretty  do 
not  make  much  of  a  dis- 
play; the  chief  value  of 
the  plant  lies  in  its  silvery 
foliage  which  preserves 
its  freshness  and  neatness 
throughout  the  summer, 
Its  cool  appearance  bemg 
especially  attractive  in 
August. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial in  any  soil.  Prefers 
a  dry  situation  and  full 
exposure  to  the  sun. 

Propagate  by  cuttings 
or  by  division. 


73 


CHELONE 


(From  the  Greek  chelone,  a  tortoise,  in  allusion  to  the  resemblance  of  the  flower  to  a  reptile's  head) 

Scrophulariacece 

86.     Chelone  Lyonii 

English  Names:   Balmony,  Turtle  head,  Turtle  bloom,  Shell  flower.  Bitter 
herb.  Cod  head.  Fish  mouth.  Snake  head. 


MOUNTAINS  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA  AND  SOUTH 


AUGUST  THROUGH  OCTOBER 


CURIOUSLY  shaped,  rosy-purple  flowers  in  dense,  showy,  terminal  and 
axillary  spikes,  borne  over  two  feet  high  on  thickly  growing  stalks. 
Leaves  handsome,  deep  green,  glossy,  elongated,  heart-shaped,  largest  at 
base  of  plant;  persistent. 
A  profusely  blooming 
plant  which  forms  thick 
clumps.  Excellent  for 
planting  in  moist  situa- 
tions and  in  the  herbace- 
ous border. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  good 
garden  soil,  preferabl}' 
rich  and  moist.  Prefers 
partial  shade.  In  the 
ordinary  border  the  roots 
should  be  covered  during 
the  growing  season  with 
a  heavy  mulch,  four  or 
five  inches  thick,  of  well- 
rotted  manure.  This  will 
feed  the  surface  roots  and 
protect  the  plant  from 
drought. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division  in 
the  spring. 


74 


CHRYSANTHEMUM 

(From  the  Greek  chrysos,  golden,  and  anthemon.  Bower) 
Cbmposita 

70.     Chrysanthemum  indicum  and  Chrysanthemum  morifoUum, 
Garden  varieties 

English  Name:  Chrysanthemum. 


HORTICULTURAL  VARIETIES 
TYPE  FROM  CHINA  AND  JAPAN 


MID-SEPTEMBER 
THROUGH  OCTOBER 


SINGLE,  semi-double,  or  double  flowers  varying  in  size  from  one  half 
inch  to  over  two  inches,  and  ranging  in  color  from  pure  white,  pale 
yellow  and  pink  through  orange  and  red  to  bronze  and  deep  dark  crimson, 
according  to  variety,  pro- 
fusely borne  on  upright 
branching  stems  from  two 
to  three  feet  high.  Leaves 
deeply  cut  and  lobed,  re- 
sembling the  Acanthus  of 
classic  ornament,  two  to 
five  inches  long,  deep  rich 
green,  persistent,  and  very 
handsome. 

One  of  the  finest  of 
the  hardy  perennials  and 
certainly  the  most  neces- 
sary for  the  late  fall 
garden.  It  is  the  most 
resistant  to  frost  of  any 
garden  flower,  and  fre- 
quently may  be  seen  in 
bloom  after  the  first  falls 
of  snow.  The  brilliant 
colors  and  decorative  foli- 
age make  it  unexcelled  for 
cutting. 

The  1  a  r  g  e-flowered 
varieties  seen  in  the 
florists'  windows  are  not 
suflficiently  hardy  for 
growing  in  the  herbaceous  border  without  transplanting  in  the  winter 

75 


WW  w  ■■ 

'Wi.    ^^ 

K.^'V 

pv^ 

^4 

70.     Chrysanthemum  indicum  and  Chrysanthemum  morifoHum, 
Garden  varieties  (Continued) 


and  considerable  skilled  attention  during  the  summer.  There  are,  how- 
ever, a  great  number  of  varieties  which  are  perfectly  hardy  in  any  garden 
soil  in  sun  if  given  a  hght  covering  of  litter  or  leaves  in  winter. 

In  grouping  Chrysanthemums  care  should  be  taken  to  keep  those  in 
shades  of  pink,  crimson,  lilac,  etc.,  away  from  the  reds,  yellows,  and  bronzes, 
as  the  colors  are  often  so  vivid  that  they  form  very  unpleasant  contrasts. 

The  hardiest  garden  varieties  are  known  as  Pompon  Chrysanthemums 
and  are  crosses  and  strains  of  C  indicum  (C.  japonicum)  and  C.  mori- 
folium  {C.  sinense). 

Propagate  by  seed  and  by  cuttings. 


The  following  are  some  of  the  most  popular  varieties: 

Aster  or  Large-flowering  Pompon  Chrysanthemums 

White 

Prince  of  Wales.     Pure  white,  the  best  of  the  large  white  forms. 

Queen  of  Whites.     Pure  white,  very  late. 

Soeur  Melanie.     Pure  white,  rather  ragged  petals. 

Yellow 
Bohemia.     Pure  yellow,  semi-double,  petals  rather  large. 
Globe  d'Or.     Clear  lemon-yellow  with  darker  shadings,  bushy  plant,  the 

best  of  the  large  yellow  forms. 
Sir  Michael.     Lemon-yellow. 

Sunshine.     Bright  golden-yellow,  petals  somewhat  ragged. 
Zenobia.     Bright  clear  yellow,  rather  large  and  loose  petals;  an  early 

bloomer. 

Orange  and  Bronze 

Allentown.     Golden-bronze,  semi-double,  two  inches  in  diameter. 
Mrs.  Porter.     Lemon-yellow  suffused  with  terra  cotta,  effect  bronze. 
Patterson.     Old  gold  with  dark  shadings. 

Sir  Walter  Raleigh.     Yellow,  merging  into  terra  cotta,  almost  single. 
Sunset.     Scarlet  terra  cotta  with  yellow  centre,  medium-sized  flower.    ! 
The  Czar.    Golden-bronze,  yellow  edge. 

76 


yo.     Chrysanthemum  indicum  and  Chrysanthemum  morifoHum, 
Garden  varieties  (Continued) 

Red 
Julia  Lagravere.     Rich  dark  crimson,  well-formed  flowers. 
Northumberland.     Scarlet  with  yellow  centre,  single  flowtr. 

Pink 
Arabella.     Crimson-salmon,  plant  very  dwarf. 
Cerise  Queen.     Cerise-pink. 
Daybreak.     Soft  pink. 

Gloire  de  France.     Silvery  pink,  cream  centre. 

Hijos.    Primrose-pink  shading  to  cream,  the  best  of  the  large  pink  forms. 
Salem.     Silver  rose,  long  quilled  petals. 

Magenta 

King  Philip.     Rich  crimson-magenta. 
Mrs.  Vincent.     Rich  magenta-crimson. 

Button  or  Small-flowering  Pompon  Chrysanthemums 
White 
James  Boon.     Pure  white,  good-sized  flowers. 

Yellow 

Baby.     Clear  bright  yellow. 

Savannah.     Intense  clear  yellow,  the  best  of  the  small  yellow  forms. 

Tennyson.     Pure  yellow. 

Orange  and  Bronze 

Alice  Cary.     Bright  orange. 

Golden  Pheasant.     Rich  yellow,  reddish-brown  centres,  the  best  of  the 

small  bronze  forms. 
Goldfinch.     Golden-yellow,  shaded  crimson., 
Henrietta.     Bronze,  yellow  edge. 

Red 
Black  Douglas.     Dark  maroon. 
Erminie.     Bright  orange-scarlet. 
Rufus.     Bright  terra  cotta. 

77 


yo.     Chrysanthemum  indicum  and  Chrysanthemum  morifolium, 
Garden  varieties  {Continued) 

Pink 

Dawn.     Pale,  soft  pink  shading  deeper. 

Dinazulu.     Violet-pink. 

Rhoda.     Apple-blossom  pink  shaded  white,  the  best  of  the  small  pink 

forms. 
Rosinante.     Blush-pink,  sulphur-shading,  dwarf  plant. 
Viola.     Rich  violet-rose,  good-sized  flowers. 

Magenta 

Little  Pet.     Violet-pink,  very  small  flower. 


78 


CHRYSANTHEMUM 

(From  the  Greek  chrysos,  golden,  and  anthemon,  flower) 
Compositir 

113.     Chrysanthemum  maximum 
English  Name:  Giant  daisy. 

PYRENEES  JUNE  AND  JULY 


IARGE  white  flowers  with  yellow  centres,  hke  large  field  daisies,  carried 
-/  from  one  to  two  feet  high  on  the  ends  of  upright  stems  which  are 
simple,  or  branch  at  the  very  base,  and  are  leafless  for  three  to  four  inches 
below  the  flower.    Leaves 
long  and  narrowed  at  the 
base.     An  excellent   and 
showy  plant  for  the  her- 
baceous border,  and  very 
good  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easy  culture 
in  rich  garden  soil.  It 
should  be  mulched  and 
well-watered  during  the 
growing  season  for  best 
results,  but  will  stand  con- 
siderable neglect  without 
serious  harm.  Prefers 
sun. 

Propagate  by  seeds, 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 

C.  "Shasta  Daisy,'"  a 
new  and  much-advertised 
form  developed  by  Bur- 
bank.  Very  much  like 
C.  maximum  in  everv  re- 
spect; possibly  a  little 
larger  in  flower  and  of  a 
longer  blossoming  season. 


79 


CLEMATIS 

(From  the  Greek  kUmatis,  the  name  of  some  climbing  plant) 
Ranunculdcetz 

46.     Clematis  heracleaefolia,  var.  Davidiana  (C  Davididna; 
C.  Tuhulosa,  var.  Davididna) 

English  Name:  Shrubby  clematis. 

CHINA  AND  JAPAN  AUGUST  AND  SEPTEMBER 


SMALL,  china-blue,  hyacinth-shaped  flowers,  with  a  fragrance  like 
orange  blossoms,  borne  in  clusters  of  six  to  fifteen,  or  singly,  at  the 
ends  or  in  the  axils  of  erect,  almost  vinelike  stems  three  to  four  feet  high. 
Leaves  very  large  and 
bright  green.  An  excel- 
lent plant  for  the  border 
or  rock  garden,  and  good 
for  cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture.  The  best 
soil  is  a  deep,  rich  light 
loam  which  must  be  well- 
drained,  and  is  improved 
by  having  a  very  little 
lime  mixed  with  it. 
Should  be  enriched  at 
least  once  a  year  with 
horse  or  cow  manure,  and 
a  mulch  of  this  late  in  the 
fall  improves  the  plant. 
It  is  very  susceptible  to 
drought  and  should  be 
well-sprayed  in  dry  sea- 
sons. A  light  support 
should  be  given  to  the 
rather  lax  stems.  Prefers 
sun. 

Propagate  by  cuttings 
or  by  division. 


80 


CLEMATIS 

(From  the  Greek  klemalis,  the  name  of  some  climbing  plant) 
Ranunculiceet 

71.     Clematis  recta  (C  erecta) 
English  Name:  Shrubby  clematis. 

S.  EUROPE  JUNE  TO  MID-JULY 


NUMEROUS  fragrant  white  flowers  one  inch  across,  in  broad  convex 
terminal  clusters,  borne  two  to  three  feet  high  on  erect  leafy  stems. 
Probably  the  best  shrubby  Clematis  for  use  in  the  herbaceous  border. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture.  The  best 
soil  is  a  deep,  rich,  well- 
drained  loam,  which  is 
improved  by  a  very 
slight  admixture  of  lime. 
Should  be  enriched  at 
least  once  a  year  with 
horse  or  cow  manure,  and 
a  mulch  of  this  late  in  the 
fall  improves  the  plant. 
It  is  very  susceptible  to 
drought  and  should  be 
well-sprayed  in  dry  sea- 
sons.    Prefers  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  cuttings. 

Var.  plena,  fully 
doubled,  buttonlike  blos- 
soms, not  so  good  as  the 
type. 


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._ . — . . — _ 

81 


CONVALLARIA 

(From  the  Latin  convallis,  an  enclosed  valley) 
Liliaceet 

156.     Convallaria  majalis 

English  Names:  Lily-of-the-valley,  Conval  lily,  May  or  Park  lily,  Wood  lily. 

May  blossom. 

EUROPE,  ASIA,  S.  ALLEGHENIES  MAY 

SMALL,  white,  globular,  bell-like,  and  very  fragrant  flowers,  hanging 
daintily  from  graceful  flower  stalks  six  to  twelve  inches  long.  The 
leaves  grow  from  the  base  of  the  plant,'are  smooth,  rather  broad  and  Hlylike, 
and  preserve  their  clean 
fresh  character  through- 
out the  summer.  A 
favorite  flower  for  natural- 
izing under  trees  and  in 
shady  places,  but  excellent 
for  ground  covering  or  in 
the  herbaceous  border 
under  shrubs,  where,  if  the 
ground  beproperly  enrich- 
ed, it  will  thrive  in  full 
sun.     Good  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture. Old  beds  are  liable 
to  run  out  and  not  flower 
profusely,  and  so  should 
be  replanted  every  few 
years,  though  if  the  soil  is 
enriched  and  is  given  a 
dressing  of  manure  every 
fall,  the  bed  will  thrivt 
for  four  or  five  years. 
Succeeds  best  in  partial 
shade. 

Propagate  by  division 
in  fall  or  early  spring. 


82 


COREOPSIS 


(From  the  Greek  koris,  a  bedbug,  and  opsis,  resemblance;   alluding  to  the  fruit) 
Composite 

95.     Coreopsis  lanceolata,  var.  grandiflora 
English  Name:  Tickseed. 

SOUTHERN  U.  S.  A.  JUNE  THROUGH  AUGUST 


LARGE,  bright-yellow,  daisylike  flowers,  one  and  one  half  to  two  and 
J  one  half  inches  across,  borne  on  sparingly  branched  stems  one  to 
two  feet  high.  Foliage  small  and  rather  sparse.  Excellent  in  masses  in 
the  herbaceous  border, 
where  if  the  blossoms  are 
kept  well  picked  it  will 
give  a  brilliant  note  of 
yellow  through  the 
greater  part  of  the  sum- 
mer. It  should  always 
be  planted  with  a  setting 
of  good  foliage  plants 
about  it,  as  its  long,  almost 
leafless  stems  are  apt  to 
present  an  unkempt  ap- 
pearance if  it  standsalone. 
Especially  good  for  natu- 
ralizing in  barren  places 
on  account  of  its  brilliant 
color  and  long  season  of 
bloom.  Excellent  also 
for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture  in 
any  soil.     Prefers  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
bv  division. 


83 


DAPHNE 


(From  the  Greek  daphne,  the  laurel  or  bay  tree,  named  for  a  nymph  beloved  of  Apollo) 

Thymeloedcett 

157.     Daphne  Cneorum 
English  Name:  Garland  flower. 

EUROPE  MID-APRIL  THROUGH  MAY 


SMALL,  pink,  fragrant  flowers  with  crimson  buds,  in  many-flowered 
heads  on  long  trailing  branches  rising  six  to  twelve  inches  from  the 
ground.  Strictly  speaking,  not  a  perennial:  being  a  dwarf  shrub,  with 
woody  stems  and  dense 
shiny  dark  evergreen 
leaves  one  half  inch  to  one 
inch  long.  A  most  charm- 
ing plant  for  the  edge  of 
the  herbaceous  border, 
for  planting  in  front  of 
shrubs,  or  in  the  rock  gar- 
den. It  often  blooms  a 
second  time  in  summer. 

Perfectly  hardy  and 
of  easiest  culture. 
Thrives  best  in  light,  well- 
drained  soil,  enriched  with 
w^ll-rotted  manure;  an 
annual  top  dressing  of 
manure  is  of  great  benefit. 
Succeeds  in  half-shade  or 
sun,  or  even  in  dry  spots 
if  once  well-established. 

Is  best  propagated  by 
removing  the  earth  from 
around  the  plant  in 
spring,  pegging  down  the 
branches,  and  filling  in 
with  fine  compost  almost 
to  the  tops  of  the 
branches.  On  carefully  removing  the  compost  the  next  spring,  a  large 
number  of  little  buds  suppHed  with  roots  may  be  found  among  the 
branches.     These  may  be  easily  detached  and  planted  in  pans  or  boxes. 

84 


DELPHINIUM 

(From  the  Greek  name  for  the  plant,  delphinion  derived  from  delpkin,  a  dolphin, 
from  a  supposed  resemblance  in  the  flower) 

Ranunculacea 

47.     Delphinium  "Belladonna" 
English  Names:   Hybrid  larkspur,  Belladonna  larkspur. 


HORTICULTURAL  HYBRIDS 
TYPE  FROM  EUROPE 


MID-JUNE  TO  MID-JULY 
EARLY  SEPTEMBER,  MID-OCTOBER 


CURIOUSLY  shaped,  vivid  sky-blue  flowers,  an  inch  and  a  half 
wide,  with  pure  white  centres,  borne  in  graceful  stalky  spikes  about 
twelve  inches  long  on  leafy  stems  from  two  to  four  feet  high.  Foliage 
finely  cut  and  decorative. 
One  of  the  best  of  the 
hybrid  Delphiniums 
(though  rather  low-grow- 
ing), on  account  of  the 
sturdiness  of  the  plant, 
its  early  and  long  blos- 
soming season,  and  the 
very  beautiful  color  of  the 
flower.  Invaluable  for 
the  herbaceous  border 
or  for  massing  against 
shrubbery.  Excellent  for 
cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture, 
will  thrive  in  any  good 
garden  soil  in  sun  or 
partial  shade,  but  does 
best  in  a  deep,  rich,  sandy 
loam,  exposed  to  the  sun. 
The  cultivation  is  the 
same  as  for  Delphinium 
English  Hybrids  (see  page 

153)- 

Propagate    by    seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division; 
will  lloom  the  first  year  from  seed  sown  indoors  in  February  or  March, 
or  tljc  following  year  from  seed  sown  outdoors  in  August. 

85 


DELPHINIUM 

(From  the  Greek  name  for  the  plant,  delphinion  derived  from  delphin,  a  dolphin, 
from  a  supposed   resemblance  in  the  flower) 

Ranunculdceee 

lo.     Delphinium  English  Hybrids  {D.  eldtum,  hybrid  vars.; 
D.  exaltdtum,  hybrid  vars.;  D.  hybridum,  vars.) 

English  Name:  Hybrid  larkspurs. 


HORTICULTURAL  HYBRIDS 
TYPE  FROM  EUROPE 


MID-JUNE  TO  MID-JULY 
EARLY  SEPTEMBER,  MID-OCTOBER 


CURIOUSLY  shaped,  single,  semi-double,  or  double  flowers  from  one 
to  two  inches  across,  varying  through  all  shades  from  lightest  blue 
to  dark  purple,  with  blue, 
black,  white,  or  gray  cen- 
tres, borne  on  stately  and 
graceful  spikes  from  one 
to  two  feet  long  on  erect 
branching  stems  from 
four  to  eight  feet  high. 
Foliage  abundant,  finely 
cut,  and  decorative. 

The  hybrid  Delph- 
iniums are  indispensable 
in  the  herbaceous  border 
on  account  of  their  mag- 
nificent habit,  the  beauti- 
ful color  of  their  flowers, 
and  their  generous  bloom. 
They  are  also  extremely 
eff"ective  in  masses  against 
shrubbery.  They  should 
always  be  planted  against 
a  background  as  the 
flowers  show  rather  poorly 
against  a  blue  sky;  un- 
hke  most  flowers,  the 
different  shades  of  the 
different  varieties  are 
never  discordant,  and  a 
group  of  changing  blue  tints  is  more  iridescent  and  effective  than  one 
composed  of  a  single  variety.     They  are  also  excellent  for  cutting. 

86 


lo.     Delphinium  English  Hybrids  (Continued) 

A  perfectly  hardy  perennial  of  easy  culture;  will  thrive  in  any  good  gar- 
den soil,  but  does  best  in  deep,  rich,  sandy  loam,  with  full  exposure  to  the 
sun  or  in  partial  shade.  The  ground  should  be  deeply  dug  and  well  mixed 
with  rotted  manure,  the  plants  set  about  three  feet  apart  and  mulched 
to  protect  the  roots  from  hot  sun.  They  should  be  freely  watered  in  hot 
weather.  Every  three  or  four  years  they  should  be  taken  up,  divided,  and 
reset  in  freshly  enriched  soil.  Most  of  the  varieties  require  staking.  After 
blooming  the  plant  should  be  cut  to  the  ground,  given  a  dressing  of  bone 
meal,  and  well-watered.  It  will  bloom  again  in  early  September,  and  if  the 
same  treatment  be  repeated,  will  often  bloom  a  third  time  in  mid-October. 

Delphiniums  are  liable  to  a  blight  of  unknown  cause.  The  best  treat- 
ment is  to  spray  weekly,  beginning  in  early  spring,  with  Bordeaux  mixture 
or  ammoniacal  carbonate  of  copper.  Also,  dry  Bordeaux  mixture  should 
be  dug  in  around  the  crowns. 

Besides  the  blight.  Delphiniums  are  liable  to  serious  injury  from  cut- 
worms in  the  spring.  These  must  be  dugout  as  soon  as  their  presence  is  noted, 
and  often  the  plants  had  better  be  removed  to  new  locations.  Ashes  scat- 
tered over  the  crowns  in  late  fall  will  protect  them  from  the  attacks  of  slugs. 

Propagate  by  seed,  cuttings,  or  by  division.  Delphiniums  grow  with 
the  greatest  readiness  from  seed  sown  in  the  garden  in  August  or  indoors  in 
February  or  March.     In  the  latter  case  they  will  bloom  the  same  year. 

There  are  quantities  of  named  varieties,  most  of  which  are  excellent. 
Among  the  best  are: 

Beatrice  Kelzvay.  Cornflower  blue,  flushed  with  rose,  white  eye, 
massive  spikes. 

Geneva.     Large  flowers,  pale  porcelain  blue,  pure  white  eye. 

Julia.     Large  flowers,  cornflower  blue  veined  with  rose,  white  eye. 

King  oj  Delphiniums.  Large  semi-double,  gentian-blue  flowers  with 
large  white  eye,  in  massive  spikes;  plant  of  strong  growth  and  fine  habit. 

Lizzie.  Large  azure-blue  flowers  with  yellowish  eye;  plant  very  tall 
and  strong  growing. 

Mme.  Violet  Geslin.  Round,  semi-double  flowers,  outer  petals  clear 
blue,  inner  ones  lavender,  white  eye. 

Perfection.     Very  large  sky-blue  flowers  flushed  with  rose,  dark  eye. 

Queen  JVilhehnina.  Large  flowers,  soft  lavender-blue  flushed  with 
rose,  conspicuous  white  eye. 

Rembrandt.  Semi-double,  sky-blue,  inner  petals  rosy-lavender,  silvery 
sheen. 

Rev.  E.  Lascelles.  Very  large  double  flowers,  deep  purple-blue  with 
white  centre  edged  with  blue,  one  of  the  largest  varieties  both  in  height 
of  plant  and  size  of  flowers. 

87 


DELPHINIUM 

(From  the  Greek  name  for  the  plant,  delphinion  derived  from  delphin,  a  dolphin, 
from  a  supposed  resemblance  in  the  flower) 


48.     Delphinium  formosum  {D,  cheildnthum,  var.  formosum) 
English  Name:  Oriental  larkspur. 

POSSIBLY  ASIA  MINOR 


MID-JUNE  TO  MID-JULY 
EARLY  SEPTEMBER,  MID-OCTOBER 


CURIOUSLY  shaped  flowers  of  brilliant  deep  blue  with  white  centres 
and  long  violet  spurs,  in  loose  spikes  about  a  foot  long  on  a  rather 
tangled  branching  plant  from  two  to  four  feet  high.  Fohage  rich  dark 
green,  finely  divided,  and 
handsome.  In  flower  one 
of  the  finest  of  the  Delph- 
iniums,but  in  habit  rather 
poor,  having  neither  the 
height  nor  the  sturdiness 
of  the  hybrid  varieties. 
Excellent  for  the  herba- 
ceous border,  and  the 
most  permanent  variety 
for  naturalizing.  Ex- 
tremely fine  also  for  cut- 
ting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture, 
will  thrive  in  any  good 
garden  soil,  but  does  best 
in  a  deep,  rich,  sandy  loam, 
in  sun  or  partial  shade. 
The  cultivation  is  the 
same  as  for  Delphinium 
English  Hybrids  (see  page 

153)- 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division; 
will  bloom  the  first  year 
from  seed  sown  indoors 
in  February  or  March,  or  the  year  following  from  seed  sown  outdoors  in 
August. 


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DELPHINIUM 

(From  the  Greek  name  for  the  plant,  delphinion  derived  from  delphin,  a  dolphin, 
from  a  supposed   resemblance  in   the  flower) 

Ranunculacea 

96.     Delphinium  sinense   (Z).  chinense;  D.  gra?id{fldrum,  var. 

chin  his  e) 

English  Name:  Chinese  larkspur. 


SIBERIA 


MID-JUNE  TO  MID-JULY 
EARLY  SEPTEMBER,  MID-OCTOBER 


CURIOUSLY  shaped,  clear  gentian-blue  flowers,  often  tinged  with 
violet,  with  long  pointed  spurs;  in  long,   rather  loose  spikes  on 
slender,  slightly  branching  stems  one  to  two  feet  high.     Leaves  rather 
small,  very  finely  divided. 
An  excellent  plant  for  the 
herbaceous    border    and 
for  cut  flowers,  the  flow- 
ers being  very  freely  pro- 
duced. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  cul- 
ture, will  thrive  in  any 
good  soil,  but  does  best  in 
a  deep,  rich,  sandy  loam, 
in  sun  or  partial  shade. 
Thecultivationis  the  same 
as  for  Delphinium  English 
Hybrids  (see  page  153). 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division; 
will  bloom  the  first  year 
from  seed  sown  indoors 
in  February  or  March,  or 
the  year  following  from 
seed  sown  outdoors  in 
August. 


89 


DELPHINIUM 

(From  the  Greet  name  for  the  plant,  delpkinion  derived  from  delphin,  a  dolphin, 
from  a  supposed  re<emblance  in  the  flower) 

Ranunculacea 

97.     Delphinium  sinense,  var.  album  (Z).  chinense,  var.  album 
D.  grandifldrum,  var.  chinense  album) 

English  Name:  White  Chinese  larkspur. 

SIBERIA  MID-JUNE  TO  MID-JULY 

EARLY  SEPTEMBER,  MID-OCTOBER 


VM--  'W^ 


CURIOUSLY  shaped,  pure  white  flowers  with  long  pointed  spurs, 
in  long,  somewhat  loose  spikes  on  slender,  sHghtly  branching  stems, 
one  to  two  feet  high.  Leaves  rather  small,  very  finely  divided.  An 
excellent  plant  for  the 
herbaceous  border  and 
for  cut  flowers,  especially 
valuable  as  being  the 
only  pure  white  Delphi- 
nium, with  the  exception 
of  certain  new  and  expen- 
sive English  hybrids. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easy  culture, 
will  thrive  in  any  good 
garden  soil,  but  does  best 
in  a  deep,  rich,  sandy 
loam,  in  sun  or  partial 
shade.  The  cultivation 
is  the  same  as  for  Del- 
phinium English  Hybrids 
(see  page  153). 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division; 
will  bloom  the  first  year 
from  seed  sownmdoors  in 
February  or  March  or 
the  year  following  from 
seed  sown  outdoors  in 
August. 


DIANTHUS 

(From  the  Greek  dios,  divine,  and  anthos,  a  flower) 
Caryophyllaceee 

128.     Dianthus  barbatus,  vars. 

English  Names:  Sweet  William,  Bunch  pink,  Blooming  down,  London  pride, 
London  tuft,  Snowflake,  Sweet  John. 


CENTRAL  AND  S.  EUROPE 


MID-MAY  THROUGH  JUNE 


SINGLE  and  double  round  flat  flowers,  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half 
in  diameter,  very  variously  colored  and  marked,  in  shades  of  white, 
pink,  and  crirnson,  borne  in  dense  rounded  terminal  heads  of  twenty  to 
thirty  flowers  and  often 
four  inches  across,  on 
leafy  erect  stems  from 
ten  to  eighteen  inches 
high.  The  foliage  is 
simple,  rather  broadly 
pointed,  and  clean  look- 
ing when  young,  but  after 
blooming  the  plant  be- 
comes decidedly  shabby. 

An  old  garden  favorite, 
and  popular  at  the  present 
day,  perhaps  more  for  its 
association  than  for  its 
qualities.  The  single 
whites,  true  pinks,  and 
dark  crimsons  make  fine 
spots  of  color  in  the 
herbaceous  border,  but 
the  magentas  must  be 
carefully  avoided,  and 
many  of  the  parti-colored 
varieties  are  ugly.  The 
double  flowers  last  longer 
but  are  rather  clumsy  in 
form.  Excellent  for  cut- 
ting. 

Theoretically,  the  plant  will  last  several  years,  but  the  second  year  is 
by  far  its  best  blooming  season,  so  that  it  is  usually  treated  as  a  biennial, 


128.     Dianthus  barbatus,  vars.  {Contmued) 

seeds  being  sown  in  July  for  bloom  the  following  year.  One  or  two  plants 
of  the  best  colors  should  be  allowed  to  seed  (a  paper  bag  tied  over  the 
head  marks  the  plant  and  protects  and  collects  the  seed)  and  the  rest 
should  be  cut  down  or  pulled  up  immediately  after  blooming.  The 
bare  spot  left  before  the  new  seedHngs  have  made  their  first  year's 
growth  is  rather  difficult  to  conceal,  as  Dianthus  is  necessarily  planted  in 
the  front  of  the  border.  Of  easiest  culture,  thriving  in  any  soil,  even  clay 
or  sand,  and  in  full  exposure  to  the  sun;  is  Httle  the  worse  for  drought. 
Propagate  by  seed. 


DIANTHUS 

(From  the  Greek  dios,  divine,  and  anthos,  a  flower) 
Caryophyllacea 

147.     Dianthus  latifolius,  var.  atrococcineus  flore-pleno 
English  Name:   Broad-leaved  pink. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY  JUNE  AND  JULY 

IARGE  double  flowers,  about  an  inch  across,  of  deep  crimson-scarlet, 
J  in  tight  clusters,  on  upright  stems  six  to  twelve  inches  high.  Foli- 
age rather  broadly  pointed  and  bright  green.  A  hybrid  variety  of  doubt- 
ful origin,  possibly  a  cross 
between  Dianthus  chinen- 
sis  and  Dianthus  harhdiuSj 
having  the  flower  habit 
of  the  former  and  the 
plant  habit  of  the  latter. 
Excellent  for  the  front  of 
the  herbaceous  border, 
not  quite  so  showy  as 
the  Sweet  William,  but 
with  a  much  longer 
blooming  season  and  more 
hardy.  Very  good  also 
for  the  rock  garden  and 
for  cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  any  well- 
drained  soil,  even  sand. 
Does  best  in  rich,  light 
loam,  in  full  sun;  resists 
drought  well. 

Propagate  best  by 
seed  or  by  division.  Will 
bloom  the  first  year  from 
seed. 


93 


DIANTHUS 

(From  the  Greek  dios,  divine,  and  anthos,  a  flower) 
Caryophvllaceti 

148.     Dianthus  plumarius,  vars. 

English  Names:  Garden  pink,  Pheasant's  eye  pink,  Scotch  pink.  Common 

grass  pink. 


AUSTRIA,  SIBERIA 


MID-MAY  TO  MID-JUNE 


SINGLE  or  double  fringed  carnationlike  flowers,  about  an  inch  across 
with  the  fragrance  of  cloves,  terminally  borne  on  rather  soft  erect 
stems  six  to  twelve  inches  high,  above  a  dense  tuft  of  grassHke  silvery 
bluish  green  leaves.  One 
of  the  best  plants  for  edg- 
ing the  herbaceous  border, 
because  of  its  neat  and 
persistent  foliage,  which 
is  excellent  even  in  winter. 
Good  also  in  the  rock 
garden  and  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  garden  soil  and 
in  full  sun;  will  endure  a 
considerable  amount  of 
drought.  Should  be 
divided  about  every  three 
years. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 

Among  the  best  named 
varieties  are: 

Carmen.  Double,  clear 
light  pink,  fragrant  flower. 

Her  Majesty.  Large  and 
very  double,  pure  white, 
very  fragrant  flowers,  long 
season  of  blooming. 

Mrs.  Sinkins.  Large, 
pure  white,  fragrant  flowers. 

Napoleon  III.     Intense  blood-crimson,  fragrant  flower,  blooming  freely  from 
June  to  October. 

Perpetual  Snow.     Large,  double,  white,  delicately  scented  flowers,  fine  habit. 

94 


DICENTRA 

(From  the  Greek  dis,  double,  and  kentron,  spurred,  originally  misspelled  Diclytra  and  supposed  to  be  E>ielytra) 

Fumaria<fa 

98.     Dicentra  spectabilis  {Dielytra  spectdbilis) 
English  Names:   Bleeding  heart,  Seal  flower,  Lady's  reticule. 

JAPAN  EARLY  APRIL  THROUGH  JUNE 


DEEP  rosy-red,  flat,  heart-shaped  flowers  with  protruding  white  inner 
petals,  hanging  delicately  along  graceful  arching  stems  one  to  two 
feet  high.  Foliage  deeply  cut  and  handsome,  but  not  persistent.  The 
plant  must  be  cut  down 
or  hidden  after  the  flower- 
ing season.  A  very  dainty 
and  charming  flower,  and 
a  great  favorite  in  old- 
fashioned  gardens.  Ex- 
cellent for  the  herbaceous 
border  or  for  naturalizing 
in  the  wild  garden. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  moderately  rich,  light 
loam.  Will  grow  in  sun 
or  shade,  but  thrives  best 
in  partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  division 
of  crown  or  roots. 

Var.  dlha.  Has  white 
flowers,  but  a  weak  and 
sickly  habit. 


9S 


DICTAMNUS 


(From  the  Greek  name  for  the  plant  Diktamnos,  from  Dikte,  a  mountain  in  Crete  where  the  plant  abounds) 

Rutaceie 

72.     Dictamnus  Fraxinella  var.  albus  (*Z).  dlhus;  Fraxinella  alba; 
Fraxinella  Dictamnus) 

English    Names:  Gas    plant,    Burning    bush,    Dittany,    Fraxinella,    Garden 

ginger. 

EUROPE,  NORTH  ASIA  JUNE  AND  JULY 


FRAGRANT  white  flowers  in  long  showy  terminal  spikes  rising  to  a 
height  of  two  to  three  feet  above  a  vigorous,  upright  bushy  plant. 
The  abundant  foliage  is  a  rich,  dark  leathery  green,  with  oil  glands  dotting 
the  leaves,  retained  in  per- 
fect condition  through- 
out the  season.  Excel- 
lent for  the  herbaceous 
border  as  it  forms  a  per- 
manent, handsome,  solid, 
dark  green  mass,  and  in 
blooming  season  the 
flowers  are  very  effective. 
It  is  sometimes  even  used 
as  an  informal  hedge. 
The  flowers  are  excellent 
for  cutting.  The  leaves 
in  still  hot  weather  give 
off"  a  volatile  lemon- 
scented  oil  which  will  ig- 
nite in  a  puff'  of  flame  if 
a  match  be  held  near. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture. Prefers  a  strong, 
rather  heavy,  and  mod- 
erately rich  soil,  and 
shouldrarelybedisturbed, 
as  the  plants  improve  with 
age  and  will  flourish  in 
one  spot  for  a  great  many 

*  Form  of  name  most  approved  by  botanical  authorities. 

96 


72.     Dictamnus  Fraxinella  var.  albus  {^Continued) 

years.  Will  thrive  in  sun  or  half-shade  and  is  not  affected  by  drought 
when  once  well-established. 

Propagate  by  seed  sown  in  the  open  ground  as  soon  as  ripe  or  with 
difficulty  by  division.     Will  blossom  the  third  year  from  seed. 

There  are  several  varieties,  with  flowers  ranging  from  rose  to  deep 
maroon  or  chocolate  color,  equally  good  in  habit  and  interesting  for  cut 
flowers.  The  best  is  var.  rubra,  but  the  white-flowered  type  is  more 
showy  in  the  border. 


IV 


DIGITALIS 

(From  the  Latin  digitus,  a  finger,  referring  to  the  shape  of  the  flower) 

ScKphularidcect 

73.     Digitalis  ambigua  (Z).  grandiflora;  D.  ochroleucd) 

English  Names:  Yellow  foxglove  (originally  Folk's  glove,  alluding  to  the  "little 
folk"  or  faeries),  Thimbles,  Fairy  cap,  Fairy  fingers.  Fairy  thimbles. 

EUROPE,  WESTERN  ASIA  JUNE  AND  JULY 


LARGE  tubular  flowers  two  inches  long,  buff-yellow  with  brownish 
J  markings,  drooping  in  terminal  spikes  sometimes  two  feet  long  on 
strong  upright  stems  reaching  a  height  of  two  to  three  feet.  The  leaves, 
mostly  in  clumps  on  the 
ground,  are  rather  long 
pointed-oval,  of  a  light 
green  color.  Excellent  in 
groups  in  the  herbaceous 
border  or  planted  against 
shrubbery;  not  so  striking 
as  D.  purpurea,  but  with 
the  advantage  of  being  a 
perennial  and  of  bloom- 
ing more  orless  constantly 
throughout  the  summer 
if  cut  back. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture.  Thrives 
best  in  light,  rather  moist 
and  rich  loam,  in  sun  or 
partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 


DIGITALIS 

(From  the  Latin  digitus,  a  finger,  referring  to  the  shape  of  the  flower) 

Scropkulariacetr 

49-     Digitalis   purpurea,  var.  gloxiniaeflora  {D.  gloxinia' flora; 
D.  gloxindides;  D.  tomentosa,  var.  gloxi^iiafldrd) 

English  Names  :  Foxglove  (originally  Folk's  glove,  alluding  to  the  "  little  folk  "  or 
faeries),  Thimbles,  Fairy  cap,  Fairy  fingers,  Fairy  thimbles,  Fairy  bells.  Dog's  fin- 
gers. Finger  flower,  Lady's  glove.  Lady  fingers,  Lady's  thimble,  Pop  dock.  Flap 
dock.  Flop  dock,  Lion's  mouth,  Rabbit's  flower,  Cottages,  Throatwort,  Scotch 
Mercury. 


EUROPE 


JUNE  TO  MID-JULY 


LARGE  tubular  flowers,  two  inches  long,  varying  from  deep  pinkish 
J  purple  to  white,  usually  spotted  with  purple,  drooping  in  long  pointed 
terminal  spikes  a  foot  and  a  half  lonij  on  strong  upright  stems,  which 
reach  a  height  of  two  to 
four  feet.  The  leaves  are 
large,  sometimes  a  foot 
long,  roundly  elongated 
and  downy,  in  a  clump  at 
the  base  of  the  plant.  A 
very  effective  plant  in  the 
herbaceous  border  when 
in  bloom,  but  rather  un- 
kempt looking  while  seed- 
ing; good  in  masses 
against  shrubbery. 

The  pure  white  flow- 
ered form,  D.  purpilrea, 
var.  gioxinicFflora  alba,  is 
the  best  variety,  as  the 
purples  and  pinks  are  apt 
to  be  of  rather  dirt}'  color. 

Sometimes  a  perennial, 
but  usually  a  biennial;  of 
easy  culture.  Thrives 
best  in  light,  rather  moist, 
and  rich  loam,  in  sun  or 
partial  shade.  If  the 
seed  is  allowed  to  ripen 
m      order     to     self-sow, 


49-     Digitalis  purpurea,  var.  gloxiniaeflora  (Continued) 

the  plant  should  be  concealed  by  some  other  tall  growing  perennial. 
Otherwise,  it  should  be  cut  down  after  blooming  and  fresh  seed 
sown. 

Propagate  by  seed. 


6i 


DORONICUM 

(A  Latinized  Arabic  name) 
Compoiita 

Doronicum  plantagineum,  var.  excelsum  (D.  excfhum 
"  Harper  Crezve  ") 

English  Name:  Leopard's  bane. 

EUROPE  MID-APRIL  THROUGH  MAY 


NUMEROUS  yellow  daisylike  flowers,  sometimes  three  inclies 
across,  borne  terminally  on  sturdy  hairy  stems  one  and  a  half  to 
three  feet  high.  Foliage  mostl\  in  a  crown  at  the  base  of  the  plant. 
Good  in  masses  in  the 
herbaceous  border  and  ex- 
cellent for  cutting.  A 
very  valuable  plant  for 
border  compositions  on 
account  of  its  early  sea- 
son of  bloom;  daisylike 
flowers  being  exceedingly 
rare  before  late  May. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easiest  culture  in  ordinary 
soil  though  it  thrives  best 
in  rich  loam,  with  full 
exposure  to  the  sun. 

Propagate  by  division. 


ECHINACEA 


(From  the  Greek  echinos,  a  hedgehog,  alluding  to  the  spiny  backs  of  the  receptacle) 

Composila: 

50.     Echinacea  purpurea  {Rudbeckia  purpurea) 
English  Names:  Purple  cone  flower,  Black  Sampson. 

VIRGINIA  AND  OHIO  TO  ILLINOIS  AND  LOUISIANA  JULY  THROUGH  OCTOBER 


1ARGE  daisylike  flowers  sometimes  five  inches  across,  varying  from 
J  rosy-purple  to  light  rose,  with  high-pointed  purple  central  cone; 
freely  borne  on  a  compact,  bushy,  rather  coarse  plant  from  two  to  three 
and  a  half  feet  high. 
Excellent  for  the  herba- 
ceous border  and  good  for 
cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture  in 
any  garden  soil.  May 
be  used  to  cover  dry  and 
waste  spots  but  responds 
well  to  rich  soil,  especially 
sandy  loam.  Prefers  full 
sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
not  too  frequently  by 
division. 

Var.  serotma  {E.  inter- 
media), a  later-flowering 
variety,  with  brighter 
colored,  broader,  and 
flatter  petals;  possibly 
better  than  the  type. 


EUPATORIUM 

(From  eupatorion,  the  Greek  name  for  the  plant  Agrimony,  named  for  MithriJates  Eupator) 

CompoiiUj; 

io6.     Eupatorium  coelestinum  {*Co7iocIi?iiu7n  ccelestlnum) 
English  Name:   Mist  flower. 

EASTERN  U.  S.  A.  SEPTEMBER  AND  OCTOBER 


SMALL  blue  or  violet  flowers  in  compact  flat-topped  clusters  on  some- 
what downy  leafy  stems  from  one  to  two  feet  high.  Leaves  of  a 
long  pointed  heart-shape,  toothed  along  the  edges.  An  excellent  plant 
for  the  front  of  the  herba- 
ceous border.  The  dainty 
hehotropelike  flowers  be- 
ing very  charming  in  late 
fall. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  ordi- 
nary garden  soil,  in  sun. 
Should  be  given  a  light 
covering  of  litter  or  leaves 
in  winter. 

Propagate  by  cut- 
tings. 

*Name  most    approved   by   bo- 
tanical authorities. 


103 


FUNKIA 

(Named  for  Ludwig  P.  Funke,  17SS-1807,  and  H.  C.  Funke,  1771-1839,  German  naturalists) 

Liliacea 

114.  Funkia  subcordata,  var.  grandiflora  {F,  grandiflora;  F.  alba, 
var.  grandiflora;  F.  liliifldra,  var.  grandiflora;  F.  japonica;  F. 
macrdntha;  F.  corddta;  Hemerocdllis  alba;  H.  corddta;  H.  japonica; 
H.  plantaginca) 

English  Names:   Plantain  lily,  White  day  lily,  Corfu  lily. 

JAPAN  MID-AUGUST  TO  MID-SEPTEMBER 


LARGE,  very  fragrant,  waxy,  white,  tubular  lilylike  flowers,  four  to 
J  six  inches  long,  borne  on  spikes  one  to  two  feet  high,  above  dense 
clumps  of  very  large,  heart-shaped,  shiny,  light  green  leaves.     Good  to 
form  solid  masses  in  the 
herbaceous  border,  or  in 
front  of  shrubbery,  and 
often  used  along  walks  in 
old-fashioned  gardens. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  deep,  rich  moist 
soil.  Will  grow  in  sun  or 
shade  but  thrives  best  in 
partial  shade.  If  not 
given  plenty  of  water  in 
midsummer  the  leaves 
are  liable  to  burn  at  the 
edges  and  become  un- 
sightly. The  clumps  im- 
prove with  age  and  should 
not  often  be  disturbed. 

Propagate  by  division 
or  by  seed  sown  as  soon 
as  ripe. 


FUNKIA 

(Named   for  Ludwig   P.   Funke,    17SS-1807.   and   H.  C.   Funke.   J771-1839.  German  naturalists) 
LUiacea 

129.     Funkia   undulata,   var.   variegata   {F.  lancijolia, 
var.   variegata;  F.  japonica,  var.  variegata) 

English  Names:   Plantain  lily,  Lilac  day  lily. 

JAPAN  MID-JULY  THROUGH  AUGUST 


PALE  lilac  tubular  flowers,  one  and  one  half  inches  long,  in  rather  loose 
spikes  of  six  to  ten  flowers,  rise  from  thick  persistent  clumps  of 
narrow,  variegated,  wavy-edged  leaves  sometimes  six  inches  long  by  two 
inches  wide,  to  a  height 
of  one  to  two  feet.  Excel- 
lent for  planting  in  the 
herbaceous  border  or  in 
front  of  shrubbery;  one 
of  the  few  really  good 
variegated  foliage  plants. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  deep,  rich  moist 
soil.  Will  grow  in  sun  or 
shade  but  thrives  best  in 
half-shade.  The  clumps 
improve  with  age  and 
should  not  often  be  dis- 
turbed. 

Propagate  by  division 
or  by  seed  sown  as  soon 
as  ripe. 

F.  Ia7icijdlia  is  similar 
in  flower  and  habit,  except 
that  the  leaves  are  flat 
and  not  variegated.  A 
good  form. 


los 


GAILLARDIA 

(Named  for  M.  Gaillard,  French  botanist) 

ComposiiiS 

99.     Gaillardia  grandiflora  (G.  aristdta,  var.  grandiflora;  G.  lutea, 
G.  maxima;  G.  perennis) 

English  Name:  Blanket  flower. 

WESTERN  U.  S.  A.  JUNE  THROUGH  OCTOBER 


IARGE  daisylike  flowers,  sometimes  over  three  inches  across,  with  rather 
-/  full  petals,  ranging  from  brilliant  yellow  at  the  tips  to  red  or  maroon 
toward  the  centre,  profusely  borne  on  strong  erect  stems  two  to  three  feet 
high.  Foliage  rather  de- 
ficient. Valuable  for 
massing  in  the  border  on 
account  of  its  brilliant 
coloring,  profuse  flower- 
ing, and  long  season;  con- 
tinuing to  bloom  even 
after  frost.  Should  al- 
ways be  planted  in  a  set- 
ting of  good  foliage  plants 
to  compensate  for  its  own 
lack  of  leaves.  Excel- 
lent for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture  in 
any  light,  well-drained 
sod,  even  though  poor  and 
dry.  Should  be  given  full 
exposure  to  sun  and  air. 

Propagate  by  seed,  by 
cuttings,  by  division  m 
August  or  September,  or 
by  root  cuttings  in  early 
spring.  Will  bloom  the 
first  year  from  seed,  but 
does  not  come  true  to 
parent. 


106 


GALTONIA 

(Named  for  Francis  Gallon,  a  distinguished  anthropologist) 


24.     Galtonia  candicans  {Hyacinthus  cdndicans) 
English  Names:  Cape  hyacinth,  Giant  summer  hyacinth. 

JULY  AND  AUGUST 


S.  AFRICA 


FRAGRANT,  white,  funnel-shaped,  pendulous  flowers,  like  large  snow- 
drops, in  a  spike  nine  to  twelve  inches  long,  terminating  on  erect  stems 
from  three  to  five  feet  high.  The  foliage  is  clean  and  strong  and  re- 
sembles that  of  the  Hya- 
cinth, except  that  it  is 
much  larger.  Almost  the 
only  Cape  bulb  that  can 
be  considered  hardy  in  the 
northern  United  States. 
Very  effective  in  the 
herbaceous  border  against 
a  good  background,  or 
planted  against  shrub- 
bery. _^^ 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  light,  rich 
moist  soil,  in  sunny  or 
partially  shaded  situa- 
tions. In  cold  climates 
it  should  be  protected 
with  a  heavy  mulch  in 
winter.  In  suitable  situa- 
tions the  plant  will  im- 
prove steadily  for  several 
years. 

Propagate  by  offsets 
or,  slowly,  by  seed. 


107 


GERANIUM 


(From  gtranion,  the  Greek  name  for  the  plant  derived  from  geranos,  a  crane,  in  allusion  to  the  "  beak  "  of  the  fruit) 

Geraniacea 

115.     Geranium  sanguineum 

English  Names:  Crane's  bill,  Wild  geranium,  Stork's  bill,  Dove  foot,  Old- 
maid's  night-cap.  Shame-face. 

W.  ASIA,  EUROPE  MID-JUNE  THROUGH  JULY 


1ARGE,  wide-open,  nearly  crimson,  five-petaled  flowers,  borne  on  erect 
^  somewhat  branching  stems  about  a  foot  and  a  half  high.  Leaves 
rather  large,  deeply  divided,  and  borne  on  short  stems.  Good  in  the  her- 
baceous border,  rock  gar- 
den, or  for  naturalizing 
in  waste  places.  The  best 
of  the  cultivated  Gerani- 
ums  (the  so-called 
"Geranium"  of  pot  cul- 
ture being  really  Pelar- 
gonium). 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture, thriving  in  any  or- 
dinary soil,  in  sun  or 
partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  seed  and 
division. 

Var.  dlhum  is  similar 
to  the  type  but  with 
flowers  grayish  white, 
not  a  very  good  color. 


108 


GEUM 


(From  the  Greek  fiuo,  "to  have  a  taste"  referring  to  the  root) 
Rojacfti 

134.     Geum  Heldrichi  (G.  chiloense) 
English  Name:  Avens. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY.  TYPE  FROM  CHILE  LATE  MAY  THROUGH  JUNE 

WIDE-OPEN,  five-petaled  flowers,  about  an  inch  in  diameter,of  a  bril- 
liant red-orange  with  bright  yellowstamens, borne  in  clusters  on  an 
upright  stem  from  nine  to  eighteen  inches  high.  The  leaves  mostly  close 
to  the  ground,  somewhat 
the  shape  of  dandelion 
leaves,  long  and  roughly 
three-lobed  with  the  ter- 
minal  lobe  rounded. 
Excellent  for  the  rock 
garden  or  the  herbaceous 
border.  Good  also  for 
cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  elsy  culture 
in  any  garden  soil,  pref- 
erably moist.  Prefers  a 
sunny  situation. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 

Different  varieties 
grown  close  together  will 
hybridize  readily. 

There  are  a  number 
of  named  horticultural 
varieties,  almost  all  of 
which  are  good.  Among 
the  best  are: 

Van  atrosanguineum. 
Deep  crimson,  double 
flowers,  tall  growing. 

Var.  coccineum.      Brilliant  orange-scarlet,  single  flowers. 

Var.    coccineum  flore  plhio,  Mrs.  J.  Bradshaw.      Large,  bright  scarlet 
double  flowers  with  a  long  season  of  bloom;  very  tine. 

109 


GYPSOPHILA 

(Fr«m  the  Greek  lypsos,  chalk,  and  philos,  loving,  because  it  thrives  in  chalky  ground) 

Caryophyllacia 

62.     Gypsophila  paniculata 
English  Names:  Baby's  breath,  Chalk  plant,  Mist. 

EUROPE  JULY  AND  AUGUST 


A  PROFUSION  of  tiny  white  flowers  covering  a  much-branching  and 
spreading  plant,  two  to  three  feet  high,  producing  a  misthke  effect. 
Leaves  narrow  and  pointed,  rather  deficient.  Excellent  in  the  herba- 
ceous border  or  for  cover- 
ing dry  and  unkempt 
places.  Good  also  at  the 
base  of  shrubbery  and 
extremely  popular  for 
trimming  bouquets  on 
account  of  its  dainty 
lasting  flowers  and  stiff^ 
wiry  stems. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  garden  soil  in 
a  rather  dry,  open,  and 
sunny  situation. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 


^..AmrM 

,»    -;:■  ■      ;;            •jr'.     -4.,,  tWV''    ; ..       ,.•.  t^    .^     • 

'>i;'te-v^^^^^-% 

*».•  4f-  ;. . ,  •  '^i^^-i  ^-.  .'^^i^i^km■■ , :  -,. 

#.'-^ifes  ■  ■■■'■ 

:*,.."•-         -..-:■      ■•■■ 

GYPSOPHILA 

(From  the  Greek  gypJOS,  chalk,  and   phUos,  loving,  because  it  thrives  in  chalky  Krouod) 
Caryophyllacfa 

i68.     Gypsophila  repens  {G.  prostrdta) 
English  Names:  Creeping  chalk  plant,  Baby's  breath. 

ALPS  AND  PYRENEES  JUNE  AND  JULY 


A  PROFUSION  of  small  flowers,  rose  or  pinkish  white,  in  graceful 
heads  covering  slender,  trailing,  and  branching  stems  which  rise  at 
the  end  to  a  height  of  about  six  inches.  Leaves  smooth,  sharply  pointed, 
and  light  green.  Good 
for  edging  the  herbaceous 
border  and  especially 
suited  to  the  rock  garden. 
A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  garden  soil,  in  a 
rather  dry,  open,  and 
sunny  situation. 

Propagate  by  seed,  by 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 


HELENIUM 

(The  Greek  name  for  the  elecampane,  possibly  from  Helenas,  son  of  Priam) 

Composita 

13.     Helenium  autumnale,  var.  rubrum  {H.  grandiflorum, 
var.  rubrum) 

English  Names:  Red   sneezewort,    Red    sneezeweed,    Swamp   or   False   sun- 
flower, Ox  eye. 


NORTH  AMERICA 


JULY  AND  AUGUST 


NUMEROUS  daisylike  flowers,  one  to  one  and  a  half  inches  across, 
with  drooping  rays  of  a  red  terra-cotta  color  and  maroon-and-gold 
centre.  Borne  in  large  heads  on  strong,  roughish,  leafy  stems,  branching  at 
the  top,  from  two  to  six 
feet  high.  Leaves  small, 
smooth,  pointed,  and 
toothed.  Showy  and 
effective  in  masses  in  the 
back  of  the  herbaceous 
border  or  planted  against 
shrubbery.  Good  also  for 
cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  soil.  Thrives 
best  in  moist,  rich  soil 
with  full  exposure  to  the 
sun.  The  roots  are  some- 
times attacked  by  a  white 
aphis,  and  if  the  plants 
appear  unhealthy  they 
should  be  lifted,  the  roots 
washed  with  an  insecti- 
cide, and  reset  in  a  new 
place. 

Propagate  by  seed,  by 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 


HELENIUM 

ahe  Greek   name  for  the  elecampane,  possibly  from  Helenus.  son  of  Priam) 


Compos  ita 


i6.     Helenium  autumnale,  var.  superbum  (//.  grandifldnim, 
var.  superbum) 

English  Names:   Sneezeweed,  Sneezewort,  Swamp  or  False  sunflower,  Ox  eye, 

Yellow  star. 


NORTH  AMERICA 


AUGUST  AND  SEITEMBER 


NUMEROUS  daisylike    flowers    an    inch    and    a    half  across,   with 
drooping  lemon-yellow  rays  and  hemispherical  yellow  centre,  borne 
in  large  heads  on  sturdy,  roughish,  leafy  stems,  branching  at  the  top,  from 

four    to    six    feet    high.     

Leaves  small,  smooth, 
pointed,  and  toothed, 
almost  hidden  by  the 
flowers.  Very  eff"ective  in 
the  herbaceous  border  or 
for  planting  among  shrub- 
bery, giving  a  solid  mass 
of  brilliant  coJer.  Good 
also  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  soil.  Thrives 
best  in  moist,  rich  soil 
with  full  exposure  to  the 
sun.  The  roots  are  some- 
times attacked  by  a  white 
aphis,  and  if  the  plants 
appear  unhealthy  they 
should  be  lifted,  the  roots 
washed  with  an  insecti- 
cide, and  reset  in  a  new 
place. 

Propagate  by  seed,  by 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 


113 


HELENIUM 

(The  Greek  name  for  the  elecampane,  possibly  from  Helenus,  son  of  Priam) 

Composita 

63.     Helenium  Hoopesi  {H.  autumndle,  var.  Hoopesi) 

English  Names:  Sneezeweed,  Sneezewort,  Swamp  or  False  sunflower, 
Ox  eye,  Yellow  star. 


WESTERN  NORTH  AMERICA 


MID-MAY  TO  MID-JUNE 


IARGE  daisylike  flowers,  about  three  inches  across,  with  very  slightly 
->  drooping  orange  rays  and  yellow  centre,  borne  in  heads  of  several 
long-stalked  flowers  on  stout,  somewhat  coarse,  leafy  stems  one  to  three 
feet  high,  branching  at 
the  top.  Leaves  small, 
narrow,  and  toothed. 

Perhaps  the  most  val- 
uable species  of  Helenium 
for  general  planting.  Ex- 
cellent for  the  herbaceous 
border  and  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  soil,  but  does 
best  in  rich,  moist  soil, 
in  a  sunny  situation. 
The  roots  are  sometimes 
attacked  by  a  white 
aphis,  and  if  the  plants 
appear  unhealthy  they 
should  be  lifted,  the  roots 
washed  with  an  insecti- 
cide, and  reset  in  a  new 
place. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 


HELIANTHUS 


(From  the  Greek  helios,  the  sun,  and  anthos,  a  flower) 

Compojitir 

25.     Helianthus  mollis 
English  Name:   Hairy  sunflower. 

OHIO  TO  GEORGIA.  WEST  TO  IOWA  AND  TEXAS  MID-JULY  TO  MID-SEPTEMBER 


IARGE,  golden,  daisylike  flowers,  about  three  inches  across,  borne 
-^  usually  singly  on  sturdy,  very  leafy  stems  two  to  five  feet  high. 
Leaves  pointed-oval,  from  three  to  five  inches  long,  downy  grayish  green. 
A  very  trim  and  decora- 
tive plant,  the  best  of  the 
perennial  Sunflowers  for 
the  herbaceous  border; 
should  be  planted  at  the 
back  and  with  a  southern 
exposure,  so  that  the 
flowers  will  face  forward. 
Also  excellent  for  plant- 
ing among  shrubbery  or 
in  waste  places^nd  good 
for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  soil,  doing 
well  even  in  barren  spots. 
Requires  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 


»iS 


HELIANTHUS 

(From  the  Greek  helios,  the  sun,  and  anthos,  a  flower) 
Composita 

26.     Helianthus  multiflorus,  var.  Soleil  d'Or  {*H.  decapHaluSy 
var.  multiflorus  Soleil  d'Or) 

English  Names:  Double  hardy  sunflower,  Wild  sunflower. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY,  TYPE  FROM  N.  AMERICA  MID-JULY  TO  MID-SEPTEMBER 


1ARGE,  somewhat  double,  yellow  flowers  with  quilled  petals,  like  a  cactus 
-i  Dahlia,  about  three  inches  across,  borne  in  profusion  at  the  ends  of 
branchingstems  on  leafy  plants  two  to  five  feet  high.  Leaves  rough,  pointed- 
oval,  and  s  a  w-e  d  g  e  d , 
three  to  eight  inches  long. 
Excellent  for  planting 
among  shrubbery  or  for 
naturalizing,  good  also  for 
cutting.  Very  eflPective 
in  the  herbaceous  border, 
but  spreads  rapidly  and  is 
sometimes  diflScult  to 
keep  under  control. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture  in 
any  light,  dry  soil  in  full 
sun.  Every  two  years  in 
late  fall  or  early  spring  the 
plant  should  be  divided 
and  replanted,  or  the  flow- 
ers will  deteriorate  and 
tend  to  become  single,  as 
they  will  do  also  in  very 
poor  soil. 

Propagate  by  division. 

Var.  multiflorus  flore- 
pleno.  Similar  to  "Soleil 
d'Or"  except  that  the 
double  flowers  are  more 
like  the  ordinary  double 
Dahlia  than  hke  the  cactus  Dahlia.     Excellent. 

*  Form  of  name  most  approved  by  botanical  authorities, 

Ji6 


HELIANTHUS 

(From  the  Greek  hdios,  the  sun,  and  anthoi,  a  flower) 
Composila 

3.     Helianthus  rigidus,  var.  Miss  Mellish  (//.  viissouriensis, 
var.   Miss  Mellish) 

English  Name:   Hardy  sunflower. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY,  TYPE  FROM  WESTERN  U.S.  A.  AUGUST  AND  SEPTEMBER 


IARGE,  semi-double,  golden  daisylike  flowers,  two  and  one  half  to 
-/  four  inches  wide,  with  yellow  centres  turning  to  brown,  borne  in 
profusion  on  vigorous,  sparingly  branching,  leafy  stems  three  to  six  feet 
high.  Leaves  long  and 
rounded,  six  to  twelve 
inches  long,  rather  thick 
and  rough.  Excellent  for 
planting  among  shrub- 
bery or  for  naturalizing 
in  waste  places,  and  good 
for  cutting.  Very  effective 
also  at  the  back  of  the 
large  herbaceous  border, 
but  often  troublesome  on 
account  of  its  tendency 
to  spread  and  crowed  out 
other  plants. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  light,  dry  soil 
and  in  full  sun.  Every 
two  years  in  late  fall  or 
early  spring  the  plant 
should  be  divided  and  re- 
planted. 

Propagate  by  division. 

WiiV.Rev.WolleyDodd. 
A  September-blooming 
variety  with  semi-double, 
deep  yellow  flowers.  This 
and  Miss  Mellish  are  undoubtedly  the  two  best  fail-blooming  hardy 
sunflowers. 

117 


HELIOPSIS 

(From  the  Greek  helios,  the  sun,  and  opsis,  resemblance) 

Composiue 

39.     Heliopsis   laevis,  var.  Pitcheriana  {H.  Pitcheridna) 
English  Names:  Ox  eye,  False  sunflower,  Orange  sunflower. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY  JULY  AND  AUGUST 

TYPE  FROM  EASTERN  N.  AMERICA 


SLIGHTLY  cup-shaped,  thick  daisylike  flowers  sometimes  two 
inches  across,  with  bright  orange  rays  and  deeper  orange  centres, 
profusely  borne  in  loose  bunches  on  much-branching  bushy  plants 
two  to  four  feet  high  and 
three  to  five  feet  wide. 
Leaves  smooth,  thin, 
pointed,  and  saw-edged. 
Excellent  for  the  herba- 
ceous border  or  for  natu- 
ralizing in  dry  spots,  and 
very  good  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  dry  soil.  Re- 
quires full  sun.  Should 
be  divided  every  two 
years. 

Propagate  by  division. 


^^<Nk 

¥■1  y^ 

mmm^ 

dH 

^>X  y^^flSt- 

^ 

-^y  Mtii^^^^ 

''•S^ 

^0 

118 


HEMEROCALLIS 

(From  the  Greek  hanera,  a  day,  and  katos,  beautiful) 
Liliacea 

65.     Hemerocallis  aurantiaca,  var.  major 
English  Name:  Orange  day  lily. 

JAPAN  LATE  JUNE  THROUGH  AUGUST 

FRAGRANT,  bright  orange,  lilylike  flowers,  sometimes  nine  inches 
long  and  five  to  six  inches  wide,  reddish  brown  on  the  outside,  borne 
in  clusters  of  six  to  eight  flowers  on  long  upright  stems  two  and  one 
half  to  three  feet  high. 
Leaves  long  and  grass- 
like, bluish  green  in  color. 
Excellent  in  clumps  in 
the  herbaceous  border  or 
rock  garden  or  for  natu- 
ralizing by  the  edge  of 
ponds.  Good  also  for 
cutting.  The  individual 
flowers  are  short-lived, 
but  are  bor«€^in  good 
succession. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture. Will  thrive  in  any 
good  garden  soil,  in  sun  or 
shade,  but  docs  best  in 
moist  places  and  partial 
shade.  Can  be  left  four 
or  five  years  without 
dividing. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
bv  division. 


119 


HEMEROCALLIS 

(From  the  Greek  htmera,  a  day,  and  kalos,  beautiful) 
Liliacea 

64.     Hemerocallis  flava 
English  Names:  Yellow  day  lily,  Lemon  lily. 

EUROPE.  ASIA.  N.  AMERICA  LATE  MAY  THROUGH  JUNE 


FRAGRANT,  lemon-yellow,  lilylike  flowers,  three  to  seven  inches 
long,  borne  in  clusters  of  six  to  eight  flowers  on  upright  stems  two 
to  three  feet  high.  Leaves  a  foot  and  a  half  to  two  feet  long,  narrow 
and  grassUke,  Excel- 
lent in  clumps  in  the 
herbaceous  border  or  rock 
garden,  or  for  naturalizing 
by  the  banks  of  ponds. 
Good  also  for  cutting. 
The  individual  flowers  are 
short-lived,  but  are  borne 
in  good  succession. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  garden  soil.  Will 
thrive  in  sun  or  shade  but 
does  best  in  a  moist,  rich 
soil  in  partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  division. 


HEMEROCALLIS 

(From  the  Greek  hemera,  a  day,   and   kalos,  beautiful) 
Lilxaciee 

74.     Hemerocallis  Middendorfii 
English  Name:  Yellow  day  lily. 


AMUR  REGION 


JUNE  TO  MID-JULY 


VERY  fragrant,  bright  yellow,  lilylike  flowers,  two  to  three  inches 
long,  borne  in  clusters  of  two  to  four  flowers  on  long  upright  stems 
one  and  one  half  to  three  feet  high.  Leaves  six  to  nine  inches  long 
broadly  grasslike  and 
curving,  bright  green. 
Excellent  in  clumps  in  the 
herbaceous  border  or  rock 
garden,  or  for  naturalizing 
by  the  water  side.  Good 
also  for  cutting.  The 
individual  flowers  are 
short-lived,  but  are  borne 
in  good  succes^i^.  One 
of  the  prettiest  species 
of  Hemerocallis  and  par- 
ticularly useful  for  its 
early  season,  coming  into 
bloom  about  a  month 
before  //.  aurantiaca. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  garden  soil, 
in  sun  or  shade,  but  does 
best  in  moist,  rich  soil 
and  partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  division. 


HEUCHERA 


(Named  for  J.  H.  von  Heucher,  1 677-1 747,  professor  of  botany  at  Wittenberg) 

Saxijragacea: 

135.     Heuchera  sanguinea 
English  Names:  Coral  bells,  Crimson  bells,  Alum  root. 

NEW  MEXICO  AND  ARIZONA  MID-MAY  TO  EARLY  SEPTEMBER 

SMALL,  dainty,  bell-like,  bright  coral-red  flowers  borne  in  clusters  on 
delicate  wiry  stems  about  a  foot  and  a  half  high,  above  a  thick  clump 
of  rich  green  leaves,  of  a  rounded  heart  shape  about  two  inches  across, 
scalloped  around  the  edges 
and  very  decorative.  Very 
excellent  for  edging  the 
herbaceous  border  on  ac- 
count of  its  fine  persistent 
fohage,  bright  and  dainty 
flowers,  and  longblooming 
season.  Excellent  also  for 
the  rock  garden  and  good 
for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  garden  soil,  in 
sun  or  partial  shade. 

There  are  a  number 
of  horticultural  varieties 
of  Heuchera  in  various 
shades  of  red  and  pink, 
the  darker  colors  being 
usually  the  best.  Among 
the  commonest  are: 

Var.  dlha.  Has  foHage 
even  finer  than  the  type, 
but  the  flowers  are  in- 
effective. 

Var.  splendens.  Dark 
crimson  flowers.     Good. 

Var.  brizoides.     Large  bright  pink  flowers,  not  so  good  as  the  type. 

W^T.  "  Pluie  de  feu,"     Free  blooming,  scarlet-red.     Excellent. 


122 


HIBISCUS 

(From  hibiskos,  the  Greek  name  for  the  mallow) 

Mahacea 

^  4.     Hibiscus  var.  Meehan's  Mallow  Marvels 

English  Names:  Swamp   rose,  Rose  mallow,  Marsh   mallow,  Sea  hollyhock. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY,  TYPE  FROM  EASTERN  U.S.A.  AUGUST  TO  EARLY  OCTOBER 

LARGE,  open  flowers,  like  single  Hollyhocks,  four  to  eight  inches  across, 
J  in  all  shades  from  white  through  shell-pink  to  very  dark  crimson;  or 
white,  or  pink  with  crimson  eye,  etc.;  borne  close  to  the  stem  on  vigorous, 
graceful,  leafy  stalks  from 
four  to  si.x  feet  tall. 
Leaves  large  and  round- 
ish, graysh  green,  hand- 
some, and  persistent. 
Meehan's  Mallow  Mar- 
vels are  hybrids  derived 
from  //.  vioscheutos. 

Very  striking  and 
effective  for  planting  in 
groups  in  the  back  of  the 
herbaceous  do  r  d  e  r , 
against  shrubbery,  or  for 
naturalizing  by  the  water 
side. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  good  soil,  in 
sun  or  partial  shade. 
Does  best  in  a  moist, 
sandy  loam.  A  light 
mulch  in  winter  is  desir- 
able. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
division.  Seed  does  not 
always  come  true  in  color 
to  parent. 


123 


HYPERICUM 

(From  hypeuikon,  the  Greek  name  for  the  flower,  derived  from  hypo,  under,  and  ereike   heather) 

Hypericacecs 

107.     Hypericum  Moserianum 
English  Names:  St.  John's  wort.  Gold  flower. 

S.  E.  EUROPE  LATE  JUNE  THROUGH  AUGUST 


WIDE  open,  single,  wild  rose-shaped  flowers  about  two  inches  across, 
golden  yellow  with  many  conspicuous  bright  orange  stamens,  borne 
one  to  three  on  a  stalk  on  a  low-growing  erect  shrub,  one  and  one  half  to 
two  feet  high,  with  droop- 
ing branches.  Leaves 
oval,  about  one  and  one 
half  inches  long,  dark 
green,  leathery,  and  per- 
sistent. The  flowers 
bloom  a  few  at  a  time 
throughout  the  season, 
never  producing  a  mass 
of  color;  therefore  it 
should  always  be  planted 
in  clumps,  never  singly. 
Excellent  for  the  herba- 
ceous border.  Techni- 
cally a  shrub  and  not  a 
herbaceous  perennial,  but 
more  suitable  for  the 
border  than  for  shrub- 
bery. Not  reliably  hardy 
in  New  England,  but 
hardy  farther  south. 
Should  be  protected  by 
leaves  or  litter  in  winter. 

Of  easy  culture  in  any 
garden  soil,  in  sun  or  half- 
shade.  Does  best  in  a 
light,  warm  soil,  and 
flowers  longer  in  partial  shade  than  in  sun. 
six  or  seven  years. 

Propagate  by  seed,  by  cuttings,  or  by  suckers. 

124 


Should  be  renewed  every 


IBERIS 


(From  Iberia,  the  Latin  name  for  Spain,  where  the  genus  abouodi) 

Cruciffra 

142.     Iberis  sempervirens 
English  Name:  Hardy  candytuft. 

S.  EUROPE  MID-APRIL  TO  MID-MAY 


NTUMEROUS,  very  small  pure  white  flowers  profusely  carried  in  dense 
M    clusters  on  a  low,  thick-spreading,  shrubby  plant  from  six  to  twelve 
inches  high.     Leaves  rounded-oblong,  dark  and  evergreen,  thickly  borne 
and    handsome.      Excel- 
lent  for  the  rock  garden, 
naturalized    over     walls, 
and    in    front    of   shrub- 
bery, or  for  the  front  of 
the     herbaceous    border, 
though  it  is  such  a  vigor- 
ous spreader  that  it  some- 
times proves  troublesome 
in    the    latter    situation. 
Good  also  for  cutting. 

Technically  a  sub- 
shrub  and  not  a  hardy 
perennial,  though  almost 
always  classed  as  such  on 
account  of  its  dwarf  and 
floriferous  habit.  Per- 
fectly hardy  and  of  easiest 
culture,  succeeding  in  any 
soil  even  in  dry  ground,  in 
sun  or  partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  seed,  by 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 


125 


IRIS 


(From  the  Greek  iris,  a  rainbow) 
Iridacea 

75.     Iris  germanica,  vars. 
English  Names  :  German  iris,  Fleur-de-lis,  European  blue  flag,  Flower-de-luce. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETIES,  TYPE  FROM  EUROPE  EARLY  MAY  TO  EARLY  JUNE 


IARGE,  showy,  and  sometimes  fragrant  flowers  four  to  five  inches 
-i  wide  by  as  much  in  height,  with  three  large,  erect,  incurving  petals 
called  standards,  and  three  large,  golden-bearded,  drooping  ones  called 
falls,  in  self  colors  and 
combinations  of  white, 
yellow,  brown,  bronze, 
purple-blue,  and  lavender 
almost  to  rose,  borne  four 
or  more  close  together 
along  the  tips  of  stout 
erect  stalks  two  to  three 
feet  high.  Leaves  one, 
to  one  and  one  half  feet 
long,  stiff,  swordlike,  and 
growing  from  the  ground 
in  flat  sheaves,  blue  gray- 
green  in  color;  fairly 
durable  throughout  the 
summer  though  usually 
turning  brown  at  the  tips 
and  becoming  unsightly. 

A  remarkably  decora- 
tive plant,  fine  for  plant- 
ing in  masses  or  singly 
against  shrubbery  or  in 
the  herbaceous  border. 
Excellent  for  cutting. 
The  foliage  after  bloom 
presents  a  difficult  prob- 
lem, as  its  withered  ap- 
pearance often  mars  an  otherwise  trim  border.  It  is  difficult  to  conceal 
with  other  plants,  as  Irises  require  plenty  of  room  and  will  not  stand 
crowding.     Probably  the  best  thing  to  do  is  to  plant  in  not  very  large 

126 


75-     Iris  germanica,  vars.  (Continued) 

clumps,  not  too  far  forward,  and  snip  the  leaves  with  scissors  as  they 
turn  brown. 

Perfectly  hardy  perennials  of  easiest  culture  in  any  well-drained  garden 
soil.  Will  grow  in  very  dry  locations,  in  sun  or  partial  shade,  but  do  best 
in  a  rich,  well-drained  soil  with  full  exposure  to  the  sun.  The  root  is  a 
horizontal  surface-growing  rhizome  which  should  be  planted  flat  and  only 
covered  to  a  depth  of  half  its  diameter.  Is  helped  by  fertilizing  in  the  fall 
with  stable  manure  which  must  be  raked  oflT  in  the  spring.  Increases 
rapidly  and  should  be  divided  and  replanted  every  two  or  three  years. 
This  may  be  done  in  the  fall  or  spring,  though  by  far  the  best  time  for 
transplanting  is  immediately  after  the  blooming  season. 

Propagate  by  division  of  rhizomes. 


The  plants  roughly  classed  as  German  Iris  are  almost  all  hybrids  of 
various  species  and  are  ver>'  numerous.  These  horticultural  varieties 
may  be  divided  into  ten  or  twelve  fairly  distinct  groups.  Among  the 
most  popular  of  the  German  Iris  and  allied  groups  are: 

I.  florentina: 

The  earliest  type,  blooming  in  May,  smaller  than  the  average  plant 
though  with  large  flowers,  preferring  half-shade;  fragrant,  with  a  fragrant 
root-stock  (orris-root).  Standards  pure  white,  falls  white,  slightly  tinged 
with  lavender. 

Var.  alba.     Similar  to  the  type,  with  pearly-white  flowers. 

I.    FLAVHSCENS: 

Standards  soft  creamy-yellow,  falls  pale  cream  color,  fragrant. 

I.  interregna: 

Crosses  between  /.  germanica  and  /.  pumila.  Rather  dwarf  in  habit, 
with  flower  stems  about  eighteen  inches  high  and  foliage  lower.  Foliage 
good  throughout  the  season.  Blooming  between  /.  florentina  and 
/.  germanica. 

Var.  Ingehorg.     Very  large  flowers,  standards  and  falls  pure  white. 
Var.  Walhalla.     Standards  rosy-lavender,  falls  claret-red. 

127 


75-     Iris  germanica,  vars.  (Continued) 

I.  germanica: 

(Old  germanica  type  of  garden  Iris,  not  the  true  botanical  species.) 
Early  flowering  and  fragrant,  two  to  three  feet  high,  blooming  in  mid- 
May,  large  flowers,  usually  in  shades  of  blue  or  purple  throughout. 

Var.  atropurpurea  (or  Kochi).  Standards  rich  grape-purple,  falls 
purple  veined  with  white  at  base;  probably  the  best-known  variety. 

Var.  macrdntha  (or  Amas).  Standards  Hght  blue,  falls  velvety  blue- 
violet. 

Var.  spectdbilis  (or  Johayin  de  Witt).  Standards  bluish  violet,  falls 
deep  purple. 

I.  pallida: 

(/.  Junonia^  I.  asidtica,  I.  sicula.)  Tall  flower  stems,  two  to  four  feet 
high,  bearing  eight  to  twelve  flowers,  usually  in  pale  blues,  lavenders,  and 
roses,  with  standards  and  falls  diflTering  little  in  color,  blooming  in  late 
May. 

Var.  Celeste.     Standard  lavender-blue,  falls  deeper  lavender-blue. 

Var.  dalmdtica.  Standards  lavender-blue,  falls  deep  lavender. 
Large  fragrant  flowers.     One  of  the  very  best  of  the  German  Irises. 

Var.  Lohengrin.  Standards  and  falls  deep  violet-mauve.  Very 
large  flowers. 

Var.  Mme.  Paquitte.     Standards  and  falls  bright  rosy-claret. 

Var.  Queen  of  May.    Standards  rose-pink,  falls  deeper  lavender-pink. 

I.  plicata: 

(/.  aphylla,  var.  plicata.)  Very  similar  to  the  pallida  type,  with  inner 
petals  much  folded.      Flowers  in  pale  blue  or  lavender  and  white. 

Var.  Bridesmaid.  Standards  pale  lavender,  falls  white  veined  with 
lavender. 

Var.  Mme.  Chereau.  Standards  and  falls  white  frilled  with  azure- 
blue.     One  of  the  loveliest  of  the  German  Irises. 


I.  neglecta: 

Many  flowered;  flowers  medium  sized,  in  blues,  lavenders,  and  purples 
with  prominent  yellow  beard  on  the  much-recurved  falls.  Height  one 
and  one  half  to  two  feet. 

128 


75-     iris  germanica,  vars.  {Continued) 

Var.  Miss  Maggie  (or  Hermione).  Standards  silvery  lavender,  falls 
soft  rose. 

Var.  Perfection.  Standards  light  blue,  falls  very  dark  velvety  vio- 
let, orange  beard. 

I.  amoina: 

A  group  similar  in  habit  to  the  germanica  type,  blooming  in  late  May. 
Characterized  by  flowers  with  standards  of  white  or  pale  blue,  and  falls 
of  blue  or  violet  striped  or  edged  with  white. 

Var.  Co7npte  de  Ste.  Claire.  Standards  pale  blue,  falls  deep  violet, 
striped  and  edged  with  white. 

Var.  Mrs.  H.  Darwin.  Standards  pure  white,  falls  white  slightly 
veined  with  violet  at  base.     A  beautiful  variety. 

Var.  Rhein  Nixie.  Standards  pure  white,  falls  deep  violet-blue 
with  a  white  edge. 

Var.  Victorine.  Standards  white  mottled  with  blue,  falls  deep  pur- 
ple.    A  beautiful  variety. 


I.  variegata: 

A  group  like  the  germanica  type  in  habit,  characterized  by  flowers 
with  yellow  standards  and  falls  in  shades  of  purple,  claret,  or  red-brown. 

Var.  ailrea.  Standards  and  falls  golden-yellow.  One  of  the  best 
pure  yellows. 

Var.  Darius.  Standards  rich  canary  yellow,  falls  lilac  with  white 
margin,  prominent  golden-yellow  beard. 

Var.  Gracchus.  Standards  pale  yellow,  falls  suffused  crimson-pur- 
ple veined  with  yellow. 

Var.  Hector.  Standards  delicate  yellow,  falls  deep  crimson-purple. 
Very  handsome. 

Var.  Honorable  (or  Sans  Souci).  Standards  bright  Indian  yellow, 
falls  chestnut-red. 

Var.  Innocenza.  Standards  ivory  white,  falls  white  slightly  veined 
at  base  of  petal  with  maroon,  rich  golden  beard.  The  nearest  to  pure  white 
among  the  German  Irises. 

Var.  Iris  King.  A  cross  between  /.  pallida,  var.  dalmdtica,  and  /. 
variegata,  var.   Maori  King.      Standards  clear  lemon-yellow,  falls  deep 

129 


75-    Iris  germanica,  vars.  {Continued) 

satiny  brown  with  a  wide  border  of  golden-yellow.  Perhaps  the  best  of 
the  group. 

Var.  Maori  King.  Standards  golden-yellow,  falls  deep  velvety  crim- 
son.    Dwarf  habit. 

Var.  Mrs.  Neuhronner.  Standards  and  falls  golden-yellow,  deeper 
in  color  than  var.  aurea,  but  equally  fine. 

I.     SQUALENS: 

A  group  like  the  germanica  type  in  habit,  but  with  flowers  of  queer, 
rather  dull  shades  of  yellow  and  red, 

Var.  Dr.  Bernice.     Standards  coppery  bronze,  falls  dull  crimson. 

Var.  Jacquesiana  (or  Conscience).  Standards  oHve-yellow,  falls  dark 
wine-red. 

Var.  Miralba.     Standards  coppery  rose,  falls  soft  rose. 


180 


IRIS 


(From  the  Greek   irii,  a  rainbow) 
Iridacex 


51.     Iris  laevigata,  vars.   (/.  Ka'mpferi) 
English  Name:  Japanese  iris. 

E.  SIBERIA,  JAPAN  AND  HORTICULTURAL  VARIETIES  MID-JUNE  TO  MID-JULY 


VERY  large  and  showy  single  or  double  flowers,  often  ten  inches  across, 
and  much  flatter  than  other  species  of  Iris,  in  shades  varying  from 
white  to  blue  and  deep  purple,  sometimes  mottled  and  deeply  veined,  borne 
one  to  three  in  a  head  at 
the  ends  of  slender,  erect 
stalks  two  to  three  feet 
high.  Leaves  thin  and 
narrow,  one  to  one  and 
a  half  feet  long,  bright 
green,  erect,  and  bending 
gracefully  over,  forming  a 
tangled  mass  of  persistent 
foliage  aboiit^  one  foot 
high. 

One  of  the  most  strik- 
ing and  decorative  of  the 
hardy  perennials.  Though 
not  so  floriferous  as  the 
German  Iris,  the  size  and 
splendor  of  the  flower 
amply  compensates. 
Coming  into  bloom  after 
the  German  Irises  have 
completely  passed  by, 
they  are  sometimes  called 
"Summer  Iris."  Very 
effective  in  the  herba- 
ceous border  and  es- 
pecially so  massed  in 
clumps  by  the  water  side 
or  at  the  edge  of  shrubbery.     Excellent  for  cutting. 

Perfectly  hardy  perennials  of  easy  culture  in  rich,  moist  soil.     Any  good 
soil  enriched  with  well-rotted   manure  will   do,    but    plenty   of  water, 


51.     Iris  laevigata,  vars.  (Continued) 

especially  during  the  flowering  season,  is  essential  to  best  results.  Pre- 
fer sunny  situations  and  should  not  be  frequently  disturbed.  Are  best 
planted  in  late  summer  but  may  be  started  in  early  spring. 

There  are  a  great  number  of  varieties  of  Japanese  Iris,  all  of  which  are 
good.  Below  are  given  some  of  the  most  popular,  with  translations  of 
the  Japanese  names  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  prefer  English  names  for 
flowers: 

Date-dogu  (Arms  of  warfare).  Rich  claret-red  with  orange  blotches 
and  white  veinings,  standards  white  with  light  claret  edging.  Very  large 
single  flowers. 

Kaku-jaku-ro  (Square-flowered  pomegranate).  Violet-blue  dusted 
over  a  white  ground,  yellow  blotches,  standards  blue  and  white.  Single 
flowers. 

Kigan-no-misao  (Invincible  virtue).  Pure  white  shading  to  yellow 
at  the  base,  standards  creamy  white.     Late-blooming  double  flowers. 

Komochi-guma  (Bear  and  cubs).  Deep  violet-purple  throughout. 
Double  flowers. 

Kumo-no-ohi  (Girdle  of  cobweb).  Dark  lavender-purple  with  yel- 
low blotches  and  white  veinings,  standards  large  and  of  the  same  color. 
Single  flowers. 

Kyodai-san  (Twin  mountain).  Very  dark  purplish  blue  veined  with 
white.     Double  flowers. 

Mei-ran  (The  name  of  an  orchid).  White,  densely  veined  and  mar- 
bled with  lavender-rose,  centre  yellow.     Single  flowers. 

Oniga-shima  (The  name  of  an  island,  according  to  Japanese  legend, 
inhabited  by  devils).  Rich  royal  purple,  standards  white,  tipped  with 
violet.     Very  large  double  flowers. 

Samidare  (Spring  rains).  Silvery  white  veined  with  rich  ultrama- 
rine blue.     Double  flowers. 

Shippo  (Seven  jewels).  Violet-blue  edged  with  purple,  standards 
lavender  and  white.     Double  flowers. 

Sofu-no-koi  (Voice  of  the  hero).  White,  splashed  and  speckled  sky- 
blue,  primrose-yellow  blotches  radiating  into  the  petals,  standards  creamy 
white  with  violet  margins.     Double  flowers. 

Tai-hai-raku  (The  world  is  at  peace).  Rich  claret-purple,  yellow 
blotches,  standards  grayish  lavender.     Single  flowers. 

Tsurugi-no-mai  (Sword  dance).  Rich  reddish  purple  with  darker 
shadings,  centre  violet-purple.     Double  flowers. 


IRIS 


(From  the  Greek   irii,  a  rainbow) 
Iridic  Id 

163.     iris  pumila  (/.  gracilis) 
English  Name:   Dwarf  iris. 

EUROPE  MID-APRIL  TO  LATE  MAY 


SINGLE  Iris  flowers,  very  large  for  the  plant,  typically  deep  purple 
but  varying  in  the  hybrid  vars.  from  azure-blue  to  purple  and  from 
white  to  lemon-yellow,  carried  singly  on  ver\'  short  erect  stems  from 
four  to  nine  inches  high. 


Leaves  stiff  and  sword 
shaped,  two  to  four  in- 
ches long,  bluish  green 
and  persistent.  Excel- 
lent for  the  rock  garden 
or  for  edging  the  herba- 
ceous border,  the  rich, 
showy  flowers  being 
among  the  fir^t  to  bloom 
in  the  spring,  and  though 
the  blossoms  are  short- 
lived, the  foliage  is 
efi^ective  throughout  the 
summer.  Good  for  plant- 
ing in  dry  places.  The 
plants  spread  rapidly  by 
creeping  rhizomes  and 
soon  form  large  patches. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  garden  soil,  in 
sun  or  partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  division. 


•:f^>'*«swr 


133 


IRIS 


(From  the  Greek  iris,  a  rainbow) 
Iriddcea 

66.     Iris  sibirica  (/.  acuta) 
English  Name:  Siberian  iris. 

EUROPE,  E.  SIBERIA  LATE  MAY  TO.MID-JUNE 


WELL-FORMED,  rather  small,  but  showy  flowers  resembling  the 
wild  Iris,  rich  blue  in  color,  borne  in  heads  of  three  or  more  on  the 
ends  of  many  long,  very  slender,  upright  stems  from  two  to  four  feet  high. 
Leaves  thin,  one  to  two 
feet  long,  and  not  at  all 
rigid,  forming  a  dense 
grasslike  tuft  of  per- 
sistent, bright  green  foli- 
age about  one  and  one 
half  feet  high.  Excellent 
for  the  herbaceous  border, 
coming  into  bloom  be- 
tween the  German  and  the 
Japanese  Iris,  or  for  natu- 
ralizing against  shrubbery 
or  by  the  water  side.  Ex- 
cellent also  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture  in 
rich  soil  and  full  sun.  The 
rhizomes  require  deep 
planting  and  plenty  of  wa- 
ter, especially  during  the 
flowering  season. 

Propagate  by  division. 

The  following  varieties 
are  excellent: 

Var.  alba.  White  flowers 
veined  with  pale  lilac. 

Van  Snozv  Queen.  Large 
ivory-white  flowers. 

Var.  orientdlis  (var.  sanguinea;  var.  haviatophylla;  I.  orientdlis;  I.  sanguinea; 
I.  hamatophylla).  Resembling  the  Siberian  Iris  but  lower  growing  and  blooming 
a  little  bit  earlier;  the  flowers  are  larger  but  do  not  last  so  long;  a  second  crop 
is  often  produced  later.     Flowers  violet-blue. 


LATHYRUS 

(From  the  Greek  lathyros,  a  name  used   for  a  vetch) 


6.     Lathyrus  latifolius,  var.  albus 
English  Names:  Everlasting  pea,  Perennial  pea, 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY.  TYPE  FROM  EUROPE  JULY  AND  AUGUST 


TARGE,  white,  unfragrant  sweet-pea-like  blossoms,  profusely  borne 
-L/  in  clusters  on  sturdy  climbing  stems,  from  four  to  eight  feet  long. 
Leaves  compound,  grayish  green,  and  persistent,  forming  n  good  hack- 
ground.  Not  suitable  for 
the  herbaceous  border 
except  when  growing  on 
a  trelHs  at  the  back.  Ex- 
cellent as  a  covering  for 
rough  wild  banks  and 
stumps  as  it  thrives  any- 
where,even  among  bushes 
and  stones.  Very  good 
also  for  cutting. 

A  perfcmy  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  soil,  in  sun  or 
shade,  grows  very  rapidly 
but  should  not  often  be 
disturbed  on  account  of 
the  size  of  the  long  fleshy 
roots. 

Propagate  best  by 
seed  or  by  division. 


I3S 


LATHYRUS 

(From  the  Greek  lathyros,  a  name  used  for  vetch) 

Leguminojett 

7.     Lathyrus  latifolius,  var.  splendens 
English  Names:   Everlasting  pea,  Perennial  pea. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY.  TYPE  FROM  EUROPE  JULY  AND  AUGUST 


IARGE,  brilliant,  rosy-purple,  or  sometimes  red,  unfragrant  sweet- 
^  pea-like  blossoms,  profusely  borne  in  loose  clusters  on  sturdy  climb- 
ing stems  four  to  eight  feet  long.  Leaves  compound,  grayish  green,  and 
persistent,  forming  an  ex- 
cellent background.  This 
variety  is  the  best  form 
of  the  type,  being  very 
showy  and  free  growling, 
but  is  not  suitable  for  the 
herbaceous  border  except 
when  grown  on  a  trellis  at 
the  back.  Excellent  for 
covering  rough  wild  banks 
and  stumps  as  it  thrives 
anywhere,  even  among 
bushes  and  stones.  Very 
good  also  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  soil,  in  sun  or 
shade,  grows  very  rapidly 
but  should  not  be  often 
disturbed,  on  account  of 
the  size  of  the  long  fleshy 
roots. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
division;  does  not  always 
come  true  to  seed. 


136 


LIATRIS 

(N»me  of  unknown  oriein) 
Compoiittt 

IS-     Liatris  pycnostachya 

English  Names:   Blazing  star,  Kansas  gay  feather,  Button  snake  root,  Devil's 
bit,  Rattlesnake's  master. 


CENTRAL  U.  S.  A. 


EARLY  JULY  THROUGH  AUGUST 


SMALL  purple  flower  heads,  about  one  half  inch  long,  in  showy,  long, 
dense  spikes  five  to  eighteen  inches  long,  which  commence  to  flower 
at  the  top,  borne  on  leafy  stems  three  to  five  feet  high.  Leaves  slender 
and  grasslike,  thickly 
clothing  the  stem;  persist- 
ent. Excellent  in  masses 
in  the  herbaceous  border 
or  naturalized  against 
shrubbery  or  in  waste 
places. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture. Will  grow  in  very 
poor  soil,  in  sun,  but 
thrives  best  in  rich  garden 
soil  and  in  partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  seed 
sown  in  autumn  or  by 
division. 


X37 


LILIUM 


(The  classic  Latin  name,  from  the  Greek  Uirion,  a  lily) 
Liliacea 

40.     Lilium  auratum 
English  Name:  Gold-banded  lily. 

JAPAN  JULY  AND  AUGUST 

IARGE,  showy,  fragrant  flowers  spreading  nearly  a  foot  wide,  cream 
-J  colored,  thickly  mottled  with  purple  and  with  a  golden  band  down 
the  centre  of  each  petal;  borne  in  heads  of  two  to  five  on  leafy  stems  two  to 
four  feet  high.  Leaves 
slender  and  inconspicu- 
ous. Very  effective  scat- 
tered or  in  masses  in  the 
herbaceous  border,  or 
scattered  among  shrub- 
bery. Too  large  a  mass 
should  not  be  used  in  the 
border,  as  the  foHage  dies 
down  after  blooming  and 
may  leave  a  bare  spot. 
Good  for  cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial,  but 
of  short  hfe,  the  bulb 
usually  dying  in  two  or 
three  years.  A  well- 
drained  soil  is  essential, 
and  manure  should  never 
be  allowed  to  come  in 
direct  contact  with  the 
bulb.  Lily  bulbs  should 
be  deeply  planted,  with 
the  top  of  the  bulb  about 
six  inches  below  the 
ground,  as  they  are  then 
more  resistant  to  drought, 
hot  weather,  and  frost.  In 
planting  excavate  to  twice  the  depth  of  the  bulb  planting,  fill  in  first  with 
well-composted  manure,  then  with  about  an  inch  of  sand,  or  perhaps 
better  two  or  three  inches  of  fresh  sphagnum  moss,  then  place  the  bulb} 

138 


40.     Lilium  auratum  {Contimied) 

cover  with  light  soil  mixed  with  peat  or  leaf  mold.  Further  enrichment 
can  be  given  from  time  to  time  by  mulching  with  well-rotted  manure. 
Will  thrive  in  sun  or  partial  shade,  but  the  ground  should  always  be  kept 
cool  and  moist,  either  by  shade  or  by  a  top  dressing  of  peat  or  leaf  mold. 
Propagate  by  offsets,  by  bulb-scales,  removed  when  ripe,  or  very 
slowly  by  seed. 


139 


LILIUM 

(The  cUssic  Latin  name,  from  the  Greek  Uirion,  a  lily) 

76.     Lilium  Batemani  {*L.  elegans,  var.  fulgens;  L.  iulgens; 
L.  sanguineum) 


JAPAN 


JULY  AND  AUGUST 


OPREADING  apricot  or  salmon-red  unspotted  flowers,  smaller  than 
O  those  of  L.  elegans,  borne  erect  in  heads  of  one  to  five  on  a  sturdy, 
slightly  cobwebby,  and  leafy  stalk  one  to  three  feet  high.  Leaves  slender 
and  rather  inconspicuous. 


Very  effective  for  massing 
in  the  herbaceous  border, 
and  probably  the  best  of 
all  for  massing  against 
shrubbery.  Too  large  a 
mass  should  not  be  used  in 
the  border,  as  the  fohage 
dies  down  and  may  leave 
a  bare  spot. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easy  culture.  A 
well-drained  soil  is  essen- 
tial, and  manure  should 
never  be  allowed  to  come 
in  direct  contact  with  the 
bulb.  For  proper  plant- 
ing see  Lihum  elegans 
(page  265).  Will 
thrive  in  sun  or  shade, 
but  the  ground  should 
always  be  kept  cool  and 
moist  either  by  shade  or 
by  a  top  dressing  of  peat 
or  leaf  mold. 

Propagate  by  offsets, 
which  make  good  bulbs 
in  about  three  years;  or  by  bulb-scales  removed  when  ripe. 

*Form  of  name  most  approved  by  botanical  authorities. 


LILIUM 


(The  classic  Latin   name,  from  the  Greek  Uirion,  a  lily) 
Litiaceie 

41.     Lilium  candidum 
English  Name:  Madonna  lily. 

EUROPE  LATE  JUNE  TO  MID-JULY 


VERY  fragrant,  pure  white,  trumpet-shaped  flowers,  three  and  a  half 
to  five  inches  long,  borne  horizontally,  six  to  twenty-five  in  a  head, 
on  tall,  erect,  and  leafy  stems  two  to  four  feet  high.  Leaves  slender 
and  inconspicuous.  Very 
effective  in  small  clumpsin 
the  herbaceous  border  or 
against  shrubbery,  show- 
ingto  best  advantagewith 
a  high  background  of  foli- 
age. In  large  massesis  less 
effective  than  many  other 
Lilies.  After  blooming  the 
foliage  dies  to  the  ground, 
makingalowjgreensecond 
growth  before  winter. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  though  par- 
ticularly liable  to  Lily 
disease.  The  best  pre- 
ventive against  this  blight 
is  to  dust  the  bulbs  with 
powdered  sulphur  before 
planting  and  spray  the 
foliage  with  Bordeaux 
mixture  before  the  blight 
appears.  A  well-dramed 
soil  is  essential,  and  ma- 
nure should  never  be  al- 
lowed to  come  in  direct 
contact  with  the  bulb. 

The  bulbs  should  be  planted  with  the  base  of  the  bulb  about  four 
inches  below  the  ground,  as  they  are  then  more  resistant  to  drought, 
hot  weather,   and  frost.     In   planting  excavate   to   twice  the  depth  of 

141 


41.    LTlium  candidum  (Continued) 

the  bulb  planting,  fill  in  first  with  well-composted  manure,  then  with 
about  an  inch  of  sand,  or  perhaps  better  two  or  three  inches  of  fresh 
sphagnum  moss,  then  place  the  bulb.  Cover  with  Hght  soil  mixed  with 
peat  or  leaf  mold.  Further  enrichment  can  be  given  from  time  to  time 
by  mulching  with  well-rotted  manure.  Will  thrive  in  sun  or  partial 
shade,  but  the  ground  should  always  be  kept  cool  and  moist  either  by 
shade  or  by  a  top  dressing  of  peat  or  leaf  mold. 

Propagate  best  by  bulb-scales  which,  if  separated  as  soon  as  the  fohage 
begins  to  turn  in  August,  will  send  up  leaves  before  winter;  by  offsets,  or, 
very  slowly,  by  seed. 


142 


LILIUM 


(The  classic  Latin  name,  from  the  Greek  Uirion,  a  lily) 
Liliacea 

:6.     Lilium  elegans  (Thunbergii)  {L.  dahuricum;   L.  Thun- 
bergidnum;  L.  uvibelldtiim;  L.  jormosum) 

JAPAN  JUNE  TO  MID-JULY 


IARGE,  spreading,  self-colored  flowers  of  brilliant  yellow-orange  borne 
-y  erect  in  heads  of  one  to  five  on  a  sturdy,  slightly  cobwebby,  and  leafy 
stalk  one  to  two  feet  high.  Leaves  slender  and  rather  inconspicuous. 
Very  effective  in  masses 
in  the  herbaceous  border 
or  among  shrubbery. 
Perhaps  the  most  satis- 
factory species  of  Lily  for 
general  garden  use.  Too 
large  a  mass  should  not  be 
used  in  the  border,  as  the 
foliage  dies  down  and  may 
leave  a  bare  spot. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture. 
A  well-drained  soil  is 
essential  and  manure 
should  never  be  allowed 
to  come  in  direct  contact 
with  the  bulb.  Bulbs 
should  be  deeply  planted 
with  the  base  of  the  bulb 
about  six  inches  below  the 
ground,  as  they  are  then 
more  resistant  to  drought, 
hot  weather,  and  frost.  In 
planting  excavate  to 
twice  the  depth  of  the 
bulb  planting,  fill  in  first 
with  well-composted  ma- 
nure, then  with  about  an  inch  of  sand,  then  place  the  bulb.  Cover  with 
light  soil  mixed  with  peat  or  leaf  mold.  Further  enrichment  can  be  given 
from  time  to  time  by  mulching  with  well-rotted  manure. 

143 


'p^>^4^r  {flt^  vB&kHvVf^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H 

,:.^^, 

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y^  '^i- 

^^S 

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,-%sP^( 

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»^|sr.->*^ 

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ii6.    Lilium  elegans  (Thunbergii)  (Continued) 

Will  thrive  in  sun  or  partial  shade,  but  the  ground  should  always  be 
kept  cool  and  moist  either  by  shade  or  by  a  top  dressing  of  peat  or 
leaf  mold. 

Propagate  by  offsets,  which  make  good  bulbs  in  about  three  years, 
or  by  bulb-scales  removed  when  ripe. 

There  are  many  excellent  varieties  of  L.  elegans  (of  which  L.  Batemaniy 
already  given,  is  one)  differing  from  the  type  chiefly  in  the  color  of  the 
flower.     Among  the  best  are: 

Var.  hicolor.     Bright  red  flowers  with  orange  centres. 

Var.  Alice  Wilson.     Large  lemon-yellow  flowers. 

Var.  Wdllacei  {L.  Wdllacei).  A  smaller  and  later-blooming  form. 
Flowers  apricot  spotted  with  black. 


144 


LILIUM 


(The  classic  Latin  name,  from  the  Greek  Uiroin,  a  lily) 
Liliacea 

5.     Lilium  Henryi 

AUGUST  AND  SEPTEMBER 


IARGE,  dark  salmon-orange  flowers  sparingly  spotted  with  red-brown, 
-y  borne  horizontally  in  loose  pyramidal  heads  of  four  to  eight  flowers 
on  leafy  stems  of  graceful  and  unconventional  habit  four  to  eight  feet  high. 
Leaves  slender  and  rather 
inconspicuous.  Superb 
in  clumps  in  the  herba- 
ceous border  or  massed 
against  shrubbery.  After 
blooming  the  foliage  dies 
to  the  ground.  A  recently 
introduced  and  therefore 
still  comparatively  ex- 
pensive variety  but  none 
the  less  sturdy  and  free 
growing. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easy  culture. 
A  well-drained  soil  is 
essential,  and  manure 
should  never  be  allowed 
to  come  in  direct  contact 
with  the  bulb.  For  proper 
planting  of  Lilies  see 
Lilium  auratum  (page 
255).  Will  thrive  in  sun 
or  partial  shade,  but  the 
ground  should  always  be 
kept  cool  and  moist  either 
by  shade  or  by  a  top  dress- 
ing of  peat  or  leaf  mold. 

Propagate  by  ofi'sets  or  by  bulb-scales  planted  as  soon  as  ripe 


LILIUM 


(The  classic  Latin  name,  from  the  Greek  Uiricn,  a  lily) 

52.     Lilium  speciosum,  vars.  {L.  lancifolium,  vars. ;  L.  precox,  vars.) 

j^p^^  AUGUST  AND  SEPTEMBER 

IARGE,  and,  in  some  varieties,  fragrant  flowers,  white,  or  white 
^  suffused  with  pink  or  rosy-red,  and  much  spotted  with  red;  with 
recurved  and  twisted  petals,  borne  somewhat  pendulously  in  unbranching 
heads  of  three  to  ten 
flowers  on  a  graceful  leafy 
stem  two  to  four  feet  high, 
of  rather  unconventional 
habit.  Leaves  larger  and 
broader  than  with  most 
Lihes.  Very  effective  scat- 
tered or  in  masses  in  the 
herbaceous  border,or  scat- 
tered among  shrubbery. 
Too  large  a  mass  should 
not  be  used  in  the  herba- 
ceous bord  r,as  the  foliage 
dies  down  after  blooming, 
and  may  leave  a  bare  spot. 
A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easy  culture.  A 
well-drained  soil  is  essen- 
tial, and  manure  should 
never  be  allowed  to  come 
in  direct  contact  with  the 
bulb.  For  proper  planting 
of  Lilies  see  Lilium  aura- 
tum  (page  255). 

Propagate  by  offsets 
or  by  bulb-scales  divided 
as  soon  as  ripe. 

The  best  varieties  of  Z,.  speciosum  are: 

Var.  album.     Pure  white  and  fragrant. 

Var.  Melpomene.     White  suffused  with  deep  crimson. 

Var.  rubrum  (var.  roseum).     White  shaded  and  spotted  with  rose,  fragrant, 
the  best  and  most  vigorous  variety. 

146 


LILIUM 


(The  classic  Latin  name,  from  the  Greek  Uirion,  a  lily) 

29.     Lilium  superbum 
English  Names:  Turk's-cap  lily,  Turk's-head  lily,  Nodding  lily.  Wild  lily. 

EASTERN  NORTH  AMERICA  MID-JUNE  TO  MID-JULY 


BRIGHT  reddish  orange  flowers  conspicuously  spotted  with  brown, with 
pointed,  much  recurved  petals,  carried  pendently  in  a  tall  pyramidal 
cluster  of  from  six  to  eighteen  flowers  on  a  sturdy  leafy  stem  three  to  six 
feet  tall.  Leaves,  often  in 
whorls  around  the  stem, 
pointed  and  rather  incon- 
spicuous. Excellent  in 
clumps  in  the  herbaceous 
border  or  naturalized 
among  shrubs,  or  by  the 
watersidewhere  it  may  at- 
tain a  height  of  eightto  ten 
feet.  After  blooming  the 
foliage  dies  to  the  ground. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  growing  wild 
throughout  the  eastern 
United  States,  of  easiest 
culture,  even  in  heavy  and 
dampsoil.  Manureshould 
never  be  allowed  to  come 
in  contact  with  the  bulb. 
For  proper  planting  of 
Lilies  see  Lilium  auratum 
(page  255).  Will  thrive  in 
sun  or  half-shade,  but  does 
best  if  the  ground  is  kept 
cool  and  moist  either  by 
shade  or  by  a  top  dressing 
of  peat  or  leaf  mold. 

Propagate  by  offsets,  bulb-scales   divided  as  soon  as  quite  ripe,  or, 
very  slowly,  by  seed. 


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LILIUM 


(The  classic  Latin  name,  from  the  Greek  Uirion,  a  lily) 
Liliacea 

II J.     Lilium  tenuifolium 
English  Name:  Siberian  coral  lily. 

SIBERIA  JUNE 


RICH  scarlet  flowers  with  darker  shadings  and  recurving  petals,  car- 
ried pendently  in  clusters  of  from  one  to  twenty  on  erect  stems  one 
to  two  feet  high.  Leaves  exceedingly  slender,  curled  at  the  edges,  incon- 
spicuous. Excellent  for 
massing  in  the  herbaceous 
border,  being  very  showy 
and  easily  grown.  After 
blooming  the  foHage  dies 
to  the  ground.  A  perfectly 
hardy  perennial  of  easiest 
culturein  any  well-drained, 
lightsoil.  Likemost 
Lilies,  however,  it  does 
best  in  rich  soil,  though 
manure  should  never  be 
allowed  to  come  in  contact 
with  the  bulb.  The  bulb 
should  beplanted  with  the 
base  about  four  inches  be- 
lowthe  ground.  Excavate 
to  twice  the  depth  of  the 
bulb  planting,  fill  in  first 
with  well -rotted  manure, 
then  with  about  an  inch  of 
sand,  then  place  the  bulb, 
surround  it  with  sand,  and 
fill  in  with  light  soil,  prefer- 
ably mixed  with  peat  or 
leaf  mold.  Mulch  from 
time  to  time  with  well- 
rotted  manure.  Requires  sun,  but  does  best  if  the  ground  is  kept  cool  and 
moist  either  by  shade  or  a  top  dressing  of  peat  or  leaf  mold. 
Easily  propagated  from  seeds  or  bulb-scales. 

148 


LILIUM 


(The  clastic  Latin  name,  from  the  Grcrk  Uinon,  a  lily) 
Liliicfa 

30.     Lilium  tigrinum 
English  Names:  Tiger  lily.  Crumple  lily. 

CHINA  EARLY  JULY  THROUGH  AUGUST 


BRIGHT  orange-red  flowers  with  recurved  petals  thickly  covered  with 
purple  spots;  carried  pendantly  in  a  loose  head  of  three  to  twelve 
flowers  on  an  erect,  somewhat  cobwebby,  and  leafy  stem  two  to  five  feet 
high.  Leaves  dark  green, 
thin,  and  pointed,  not  very 
conspicuous,  with  bulblets 
in  the  axils  of  the  upper 
leaves.  Excellent  for 
planting  in  small  clumps 
in  the  herbaceous  border, 
and  very  brilliant  natu- 
ralized in  masses  against 
shrubbery.  After  bloom- 
ing the  foliage  dies  to  the 
ground. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture, 
even  in  fairly  heavy  soil. 
Like  most  Lilies,  how- 
ever, it  does  best  in  a  well- 
drained  soil,  and  manure 
should  never  be  allowed 
to  come  in  contact  with 
the  bulb.  For  proper 
planting  of  Lilies  see 
Lilium  auratum  (page 
255).  Will  thrive  in  sun  or 
half-shade,  but  does  best 
if  the  ground  is  kept  cool 
and  moist  either  by  shade 
or  by  a  top  dressing  of  peat  or  leaf  mold. 

Propagate  by  ofl^sets,  bulb-scales,  or  by  the  axillary  bulblets  which 

will  usually  produce  bloom  the  third  or  fourth  year. 

149 


LINUM 

(The  classical  Latin  name) 
Linacea 

1 1 8.     Linum  perenne 

English  Name:  Flax. 


EUROPE,  WESTERN  U.  S.  A. 


EARLY  MAY  THROUGH  JULY 


SMALL,  flat,  five-petaled  azure-blue  flowers  freely  borne  at  the  ends 
of  very  slender,  erect,  and  branching  leafy  stems  one  to  two  feet 
high.  Leaves  very  small  and  slender;  inconspicuous.  Excellent 
for  the  rock  garden  or 
herbaceous  border.  Ex- 
tremely dainty  and  yet 
showy,  as  the  flowers 
though  short-lived  are 
very  continuously  borne. 
Good  for  planting  in  dry 
places. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easiest  culture  in  any  rich, 
light  soil.  Prefers  an  open 
situation  exposed  to  the 
sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division;  will  often 
bloom  the  first  year  from 
seed. 


150 


LOBELIA 


(Named   for  Matthias  de  L'Obel,   1 538-1616,  a   Flemish   botanist  and   author) 
Lobeliacea 

100.     Lobelia  cardinalis 

English  Names:     Cardinal  flower,   Indian   pink,   Red   Betty,   Red   cardinal, 
Slink  weed,  Hog  physic. 

EASTERN  N.  AMERICA  MID-JULY  THROL'GH  AUGUST 


INTENSE  cardinal-red  flowers  about  one  inch  long,  born  in  spikes  on  erect, 
unbranching,  leafy  stems  two  to  four  feet  tall.  Leaves  narrow  and  in- 
conspicuous, dying  down  after  the  blooming  season.  Good  for  shady  spots 
in  the  herbaceous  border 
on  account  of  the  bril- 
liance of  its  flowers,  but 
especially  fine  for  natu- 
ralizing in  swampy  spots 
or  by  the  water  side. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  any  moist 
soil,  preferably  rich,  in 
sun  or  shade. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division; 
will  self-sow. 


iS» 


LUPINUS 


(A  classical  Latin  name  for  some  leguminous  plant,  from  lupus,  a  wolf,  because  it  was  supposed  to  destroy  fertility) 

Leguminosa 

33.     Lupinus  polyphyllus,  vars.  {L.  grandiflorus) 
English  Name:  Lupine. 

PACIFIC  SLOPE.  U.  S.  A.  MID-MAY  TO  MID-JUNE 


PEA-SHAPED  flowers,  typically  deep  blue,  but  white  and  pink  in 
its  varieties,  thickly  borne  in  stately  spikes  from  a  foot  to  a  foot  and 
a  half  long,  rising  above  the  foliage  to  a  height  of  two  to  five  feet.  Leaves 
divided  like  a  palm,  from 
four  to  ten  inches  in  diam- 
eter, dark  green  and 
satiny,  forming  a  very 
handsome  persistent 
clump.  Excellent  for  the 
herbaceous  border,  for 
naturalizing,  or  for  cut 
flowers. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  any  garden 
soil,  even  though  rather 
poor  and  dry,  except 
possibly  where  Hme  is 
present.  Succeeds  best 
in  sun  and  in  a  cool 
cHmate,  and  when  once 
established  should  not  be 
moved. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 

There  are  several  hor- 
ticultural varieties,  but 
the  best  are: 

Var.  dlhus  (var.  alhi- 
florus).  Similar tothetype 
but  with  white  flowers. 

Var.    roseus.      Somewhat  lower  growing  than  the  type,  flowers  clear 
shell-pink. 


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152 


LYCHNIS 

(From   the  Greek   luchnos,  a  lamp,   because  of  the   hnlliant   flowers) 
Caryophyllacf<r 

53.     Lychnis  chalcedonica 

English  Names:  Jerusalem-  or  Knight's-cross,  Maltese-  or  Scarlet-cross, 
Maltese  sage,  Scarlet  lychnis,  Scarlet  lightning,  Campion  of  Constantinople, 
Cross  of  Jerusalem,  Fire  balls,  None-such,  Mock  sweet  William. 


RUSSIA  OR  JAPAN 


JUNE  TO  MID-Ji:i.Y 


CROSS-SHAPED  flowers  of  brilliant  scarlet  in  close  terminal  clusters 
borne  on  unbranching,  rather  stalky,  hairy  stems  two  to  three  feet 
high.  Leaves  small,  pointed,  sometimes  quite  narrow,  hairy,  and  incon- 
spicuous. Good  in  the 
herbaceous  border  on  ac- 
count of  the  vivid  color 
of  its  flowers,  but  should 
always  be  placed  where 
the  foliage  of  other  flowers 
will  conceal  the  bareness 
of  its  stems. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  good  garden 
soil,  in  sun  or  shade. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 

Var.  fiore  pleno,  a 
double-flowered  form,  as 
good  as  the  type. 


»53 


LYCHNIS 


(From  the  Greek  luchnos,  a  lamp,  because  of  the  brilliant  flowers) 

Caryophyllacea 

132.     Lychnis  Viscaria,  var.   splendens 
English  Name:  German  catchfly. 


HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY 
TYPE  FROM  EUROPE  AND  NORTHERN  ASIA 


JUNE 


SMALL  rosy-red  flowers,  in  short-stalked  clusters  which  form  round 
tufted  head,  borne  in  profusion  on  upright  stems  six  to  twenty  inches 
high.  Sticky  patches  on  the  stem  below  the  flower  clusters  are  respon- 
sible for  the  name  Catch- 
fly.  Leaves  long  and 
grassHke.  Good  for  the 
rock  garden  or  for  the  her- 
baceous border  on  account 
of  its  bright  color  and  very 
free  bloom. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  good  light 
soil.  Resists  drought  well. 
Should  have  full  exposure 
to  the  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 


'   '^ 

Mj^f^^ 

\            '^              ■     : 

r           y      'iW 

V,    J 

/ 

154 


LYSIMACHIA 


(From  lysimachion,  the  Greek  name  for  a  medicinal  herb,  derived  from  /yd,  to  loose,  and  machomai, 
strife,   because   supposed   to  quiet  oxen   that   would   not  draw  well   together  in  the  same  yoke) 


87.     Lysimachia  clethroides 
English  Name:  Japanese  loosestrife. 

JAPAN  JULY  AND  AUGUST 


PURE  white  starlike  flowers,  one  half  inch  in  diameter,  borne  in 
long  and  graceful  terminal  spikes  on  stout  stems,  at  a  height  of  two 
to  three  feet.  Leaves  large,  three  to  six  inches  long,  broadly  pointed,  dying 
after  the  blooming  season 
though  still  attractive  for 
a  considerable  time.  Good 
for  planting  in  the  herba- 
ceous border  and  for  natu- 
ralizing by  the  water  side. 
Very  good  also  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  good  soil  in 
sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 


iSS 


LYTHRUM 

(From  the  Greek  lythron,  gore;   alluding  to  tlic  color  of  the  flowers) 

Lythracecs 

54.     Lythrum  Salicaria,  var.   roseum   superbum   (Z,.  roseum 
superbum) 

English  Names:  Rose  loosestrife,  Spiked  loosestrife,  Spiked  willow  herb. 
Milk  willow  herb.  Willow  weed,  Willow  wort,  Sage  willow.  Red  Sally,  Rain- 
bow weed,  Black  blood. 


HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY,  TYPE  FROM  AUSTRALIA 


JULY  AND  AUGUST 


IARGE  rose-colored  flowers  in  a  tall  spike  borne  on  a  graceful  leafy  stem 
-^  two  to  five  feet  high.  Leaves  willowlike,  two  to  three  inches 
long;  persistent.  Good  in  moist  places  in  the  herbaceous  border,  and 
especially  good  for  natu- 
ralizing among  shrubbery 
or  by  the  water  side. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  moist  soil. 
Will  thrive  in  full  sun  or 
partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  division. 


156 


MONARDA 

(Named   for  Nicholas  Monardes,  Spanish  botanist  of  the  sixteenth  century) 


77.     Monarda  didyma  (M.  fistulosa;  M.  kalmidna) 

English  Names:  Oswego  tea,  Bee  balm,  Rose  balm,  Low  balm,  Red  or  Scadet 
balm,  F^ragrant  balm.  Mountain  mint,  Indian's  plume,  Sweet  Mary,  Square  stalk. 
Horse  mint. 


N.  AMERICA 


MID-JUNE  THROUGH  AUGUST 


VERY  fragrant,  wide-mouthed,  brilliant  scarlet  flowers  borne  in  large 
heads  on  rather  coarse  stalks  two  to  four  feet  high.  Leaves  thin 
and  insignificant.  Not  an  attractive  plant  in  detail  because  of  the  coarse- 
ness of  its  habit,  but  very 
effective  seen  at  a  dis- 
tance when  massed  in  a 
large  herbaceous  border 
on  account  of  the  very 
fine  and  vivid  color  of  its 
flowers.  Excellent  also  for 
naturalizing  by  the  water 
side  or  in  woods.  In- 
creases so  rapidly  that  it 
sometimes  proves  trouble- 
some in  the  border. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  ordinary  soil,  in  sun 
or  shade.  Though  its 
natural  habitat  is  in  damp 
places,  it  will  thrive  with- 
out an  unusual  amount 
of  moisture.  Should  fre- 
quently be  divided. 

Propagate  by  division 
in  spring. 

Var.  dlbdy  a  white- 
flowered  form,  has  the 
habit  of  the  type,  but 
lacks  the  brilliant  color 
of  the  flowers;  has  little  to  recommend  it 

IS7 


MONTBRETIA 

(Named  for  A.  F.  E.  Coquebert  de  Montbret,  1780-1801,  a  French  botanist) 
Iridacea 

55.     Month  re  tia  crocosmaeflora  {*Tritdn{a  crocosmceflora) 
English  Name:  Blazing  star. 

HORTICULTURAL   HYBRID.  TYPE   FROM   S.  AFRICA  JULY  THROUGH   SEPTEMBER 


ORANGE-SCARLET,  starlike  flowers  about  two  inches  across, 
hanging  in  long  graceful  spikes  from  slender,  much-branching 
stems,  three  to  four  feet  high.  Leaves  tall,  narrow,  and  stiff,  springing 
from  the  ground  around 
the  bulb.  Excellent  for 
the  herbaceous  border  on 
account  of  its  gay  color 
and  decorative  habit. 

A  half-hardy  perennial 
of  easy  culture  in  rich,  well- 
drained  soil,  in  sun.  South 
of  New  York  it  may  be 
treated  like  other  hardy 
perennials  if  given  the  pro- 
tection of  a  good  mulch  in 
winter.  In  cold  climates 
the  bulbs  should  be 
wintered  in  slightly  damp 
earth  indoors  and  planted 
out  again  in  April  or  May. 

Propagate  by  offsets 
or  by  bulb-scales. 

There  are  a  number  of 
named  varieties  varying 
chiefly  in  the  color  of  the 
flowers.  Among  the  most 
popular  are: 

Var.  germdnica. 
Orange-scarlet  with 
blood-red  throat. 

Var.  Rayon  d^Or.     Deep  yellow  and  brown, 

Var.  Transcendant.     Golden-yellow,  bright  red  outside. 

*Name  most  approved  by  botanical  authorities. 

158 


MYOSOTIS 

(The  classic  Greek  name,  derived   from  myoj,  of  a  mouse,  and  ous  an  car,  on  account  of  the  form  of  the  le»f 

Boraiinacett 

158.     Myosotis  palustris,  var.  semperflorens 

English  Names:   Forget-me-not,  Mouse  ear,  Scorpion  grass,  Marsh  Scorpion 
grass.  Snake  grass,  Caterpillars,  Love-me. 


HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY.  TYPE  FROM   E.  ASIA 


MAY  THROUGH  SEPTEMBER 


SMALL,  bright,  light  blue  flowers  with  a  yellow  eye  and  pink  buds, 
freely  borne  in  loose  clusters  on  leafy  half-creeping  stems  six  to  ten 
inches  long.  Foliage  small,  roundish,  and  bright  green,  thick  and  very 
persistent.  Very  excellent 
for  carpeting  in  shady 
places,  under  shrubbery, 
or  at  the  front  of  the 
herbaceous  border  on  ac- 
count of  its  long  season 
of  bloom  and  bright  last- 
ing foliage.  Excellent 
also  for  shady  spots  in 
the  rock  garden  or  for 
naturalizing  by  the  water 
side,  and  good  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  ordinary  soil. 
Prefers  moist,  partially 
shady  situation,  but  will 
thrive  in  the  ordinary  bor- 
der in  sun  if  not  allowed 
to  suffer  from  drought. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
very  easily  by  cuttings  01 
division. 


'59 


OENOTHERA 


(From  entothera,  "wine-trap,"  the  Greek  name  for  the  plant,  oinos,  wine,  and  iheran,  to  catch.     The  edible  root  was  used 
as  a  relish  with  the  wine  after  dinner) 

Onagrdce<z 

1 08.     (Enothera  fruticosa,  var.  Youngii  (0.  Youngii) 
English  Names:  Evening  primrose,  Sundrops. 

NORTH  AMERICA  JUNE  AND  JULY 


FRAGRANT,  bright  lemon-yellow  flowers  one  and  one  half  to  two 
inches  across,  freely  borne  in  clusters  on  a  sturdy,  much-branched 
plant  growing  one  and  one  half  to  two  feet  high.  Leaves  shiny  grayish 
green,  firm  and  fairly 
large,  narrow,  pointed- 
oval,  nearly  three  inches 
long;  persistent.  Excel- 
lent for  the  herbaceous 
border  on  account  of  its 
stocky  habit  and  pro- 
fusion of  bright  flowers, 
which  in  spite  of  its  Eng- 
lish name  bloom  through- 
out the  daytime  except  in 
very  bright  sun. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture 
in  any  garden  soil,  in  sun 
or  half-shade.  Does  best 
in  full  sun  and  dry,  sandy 
soil. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  cuttings. 


160 


OENOTHERA 


(From  oinolhera,  "wine-trap,"  the  Greek  name  for  the  plant,  oinos,  wine,  and  thtran,  to  catch.  The  edible  root  wii  u 
as  a  relish  with  the  wine  after  dinner) 

Onairacea 

149.     (Enothera  missouriensis  {(E.  macrocdrpa;  Megapterium 
missouriense) 

English  Names:   Evening  primrose,  Sundrops. 


MISSOURI  AND  NEBRASKA  TO  TEXAS 


JUNE  TO  EARLY  AUGUST 


VERY  large,  fragrant,  bright  yellow  flowers,  three  to  five  inches  across, 
profusely  borne  on  trailing  stems  which  ascend  to  a  height  of  six  to 
twelve  inches.  Leaves  thick  and  narrow,  sometimes  five  inches  long; 
persistent.  Excellent  for 
the  front  of  the  herba- 
ceous border  or  for  the 
rock  garden. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture 
in  any  light  soil,  in  sun  or 
half-shade.  Does  well  in 
dry  places  in  full  sun. 

Propagate  by  cuttings 
or  by  division. 


PAEONIA 

(From  the  classic  Greek  name  paionia,  named  for  Paion,  the  physician  of  the  gods) 

Ranunculacea 

27.     Paeonia  moutan,  vars.   {P.  arhorea,  vars.) 

English  Names:  Tree  peony,  Chinese  tree,  Botan  (/a^aw),  Meutang 
(meaning  King  of  Flowers,  China) 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETIES  MAY 

TYPE  FROM  CHINA 


BEAUTIFUL,large, single  or  double,  slightly  fragrant  flowers  often  eight 
to  ten  inches  across,  ranging  in  color  from  white  to  deep  crimson, 
borne  on  much-branched,  somewhat  woody  stems  from  three  to  six  feet 
high.  Foliage  thick,  shiny 
green,  very  handsome,  and 
persistent.  Very  fine  in 
isolated  clumps  in  the  her- 
baceous border,  or  among 
shrubbery.  Undoubtedly 
the  most  splendid  of  the 
Peonies,  though  some- 
what harder  to  grow  than 
the  other  species.  Good 
also  for  cutting. 

Strictly  a  shrub  rather 
than  a  herbaceous  peren- 
nial, and  mostly  quite 
hardy.  Does  well  in  sun, 
though  blooming  longer 
in  partial  shade.  In  plant- 
ing the  soil  should  be  dug 
to  a  depth  of  two  or  more 
feet,  with  a  large  quantity 
of  well-rotted  horse  ma- 
nure or  cow  manure 
worked  in  at  the  bottom. 
Fill  with  soft,  rich  loam 
mixed  in  equal  quantities 
with  leaf  mold.  The  roots 
should  not  come  in  direct 
contact  with  the  manure.     Peonies  should  be  liberally  watered  at  all  times, 

162 


27-     Paeonia  moutan,  vars.  {Contijiued) 


especially  when  in  bloom.  Watering  with  liquid  manure  is  beneficial 
when  the  ground  is  dry.  It  usually  requires  two  to  three  years  for 
Peonies  to  become  well-established,  but  when  once  established  they  will 
bloom  if  undisturbed  for  twenty  years  or  more.  By  far  the  best  time 
for  planting  is  in  the  early  fall,  September  or  October,  though  with  care 
any  time  from  the  middle  of  August  till  spring  will  do.  In  winter  tree 
Peonies  should  be  protected  with  manure  or  straw  to  a  depth  of  a  foot 
or  more,  and  above  that  covered  by  dry  leaves  held  down  by  brush  or 
light  boards;  a  Ught  wood  or  canvas  covering  at  the  top  to  shed  rain  is  also 
wise.  In  late  spring  the  manure  should  be  well  dug  into  the  ground 
and  the  leaves  removed,  beginning  at  the  bottom,  those  at  the  top  of  the 
bush  remaining  until  all  danger  of  frost  is  past. 

Propagate  by  grafting  on  the  roots  of  the  herbaceous  species.  Plants 
from  Japan  are  usually  grafted  on  the  roots  of  a  purple  flowered  variety, 
whose  suckers,  unless  constantly  cut,  are  liable  to  choke  the  graft. 

Nearly  all  the  tree  Peonies  (of  which  in  China  there  are  hundreds) 
are  fine,  especially  the  single  varieties.  One  of  the  best  known  and  finest 
is  Elizabeth,  with  large,  much-doubled,  bright  salmon-pink  flowers. 


163 


PAEONIA 

(From  the  classic  Greek  name  paionia,  named  for  Paion,  the  physician  of  the  gods) 
Ranunculacfs 

78.     Paeonia  officinalis,  vars.   {P.  fillgiday  vars.) 

English  Names:  Old-fashioned  peony,  Early  flowering  or  European  peony, 
Piney,  Naupie,  Sheep-shearing  rose.  Vinegar  rose. 


SOUTHERN  EUROPE  AND  HORTICULTURAL  VARIETIES 


EARLY  MAY  TO  EARLY  JUNE 


1ARGE,  fragrant,  typically  crimson  single  flowers;  in  the  horticul- 
-/  tural  varieties  ranging  from  white  to  deep  mahogany,  and  single 
or  double;  borne  on  stout  leafy  stems  two  to  three  feet  high.  Leaves 
divided  into  fifteen  to 
twenty  oval  leaflets,  dark 
green  above  and  pale  be- 
neath, very  handsome  and 
persistent.  Very  excel- 
lent in  clumps  in  the 
herbaceous  border  on 
accountof  the  trim,  hand- 
some, and  lasting  foliage 
and  the  brilHant  flowers. 
Excellent  also  for  front  of 
shrubbery  beds  and  for 
cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture, 
in  sun  or  partial  shade, 
though  blooming  longer 
in  partial  shade.  In  plant- 
ing the  soil  should  be  dug 
to  a  depth  of  two  or  more 
feet,  with  a  large  quantity 
of  well-rotted  horse  or 
cow  manure  worked  in  at 
the  bottom.  Fill  with 
soft,  rich  loam  mixed  in 
equal  quantities  with  leaf 
mold.  The  roots  should  be 
set  carefully,  with  the  crowns  between  two  and  three  inches  below  the  sur- 
face of  the  ground,  and  should  not  come  in  direct  contact  with  the  manure. 

164 


78.     Paeonia  officinalis,  vars.  (Covtinurd) 

Peonies  should  be  liberally  watered  at  all  times,  especially  when  in  bloom. 
Watering  with  liquid  manure  is  beneficial  when  the  ground  is  dry.  It 
usually  requires  two  or  three  years  for  Peonies  to  become  well-established, 
but  when  once  established  they  will  bloom  if  undisturbed  for  twenty  years 
or  more. 

By  far  the  best  time  for  dividing  or  planting  is  in  the  early  fall,  Sep- 
tember or  October,  though  with  care  any  time  from  the  middle  of  August 
till  early  spring  will  do.  In  winter  a  covering  of  manure  should  hv  given 
which  should  be  well  worked  into  the  ground  in  spring. 

Propagate  by  division. 

The  old-fashioned  varieties,  all  of  which  are  excellent,  are: 

Var.  rubra  plena.  "Old  Double  Crimson,"  very  double,  deep  rich 
crimson. 

Var.  rosea  plena.     "Old  Double  Rose,"  very  double,  bright  rose. 

Var.  alba  plena  {mutdbilis  alba).  "Old  Double  Flesh-White,"  very 
double,  bright  coral  changing  to  pure  white. 

Excellent  single  varieties  are: 

Var.  anemoncT flora.  Deep  blood-crimson,  almost  single  flowers,  with 
a  mass  of  twisted  maroon  stamens  edged  with  yellow. 

Var.  Otto  Froebel.     Single,  pale  cherry-red  flowers. 

Var.  rosea.     Single,  deep  rose  flowers. 

Var.  Sabini.     Single,  deep  crimson  flowers  with  golden  stamens. 

P.  lobdta.  A  species  very  similar  to  P.  officinalis,  has  single  cerise- 
salmon  flowers;  the  only  Peony  of  this  color. 


105 


PAEONIA 


(From  the  classic  Greek  name  paionia,  named  for  Pa 
Ranunculacea 


the  physician  of  the  gods) 


34.     Paeonia  (albiflora  hybrids)  vars.  {P.  sinensis  vars.) 
English  Names:  Herbaceous  peony,  Late  flowering  or  Chinese  peony. 

CHINA  AND  HORTICULTURAL  VARIETIES  LATE  MAY  TO  LATE  JUNE 


BEAUTIFUL,  large,  single  or  double  fragrant  flowers,  four  to  six  inches 
across,  in  shades  varying  from  pure  white  to  crimson  and  mahogany, 
and  parti-colored,  borne  sometimes  two  to  five  on  a  stem  on  upright  leafy 
stems,  often  branching, 
two  to  four  feet  high. 
Leaves  pointed-oval,  deep 
glossy  green  with  red  vein- 
ings,  very  handsome,  and 
persistent.  One  of  the 
very  best  plants  for  the 
herbaceous  border  on  ac- 
count of  its  hardiness 
and  splendid  trim-foliage 
eflTect  throughout  the 
season,  as  well  as  for  its 
very  lovely  flowers.  Ex- 
cellent also  for  the  front 
of  shrubbery  beds  and  for 
cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture, 
in  sun  or  partial  shade. 
In  planting  the  soil  should 
be  dug  to  a  depth  of  two 
or  more  feet,  with  a  large 
quantity  of  well-rotted 
horse  or  cow  manure 
worked  in  at  the  bottom. 
Fill  with  soft,  rich  loam 
mixed  in  equal  quantities 
with  leaf  mold.  The  roots  should  be  set  carefully,  with  the  crowns  between 
two  and  three  inches  below  the  surface  of  the  ground,  and  should  not 
come  in  direct  contact  with  the  manure.     Peonies  should  be  liberally 

166 


34-     Paeonia  (albiflora  hybrids)  vars.  (Cojitinued) 

watered  at  all  times,  especially  when  in  bloom.  Watering  with  liquid 
manure  is  beneficial  when  the  ground  is  dry.  It  usually  requires  two  or 
three  years  for  Peonies  to  become  established,  but  when  once  estab- 
lished they  will  bloom  if  undisturbed  for  twenty  years  or  more.  By  far 
the  best  time  for  dividing  or  planting  is  in  the  early  fall,  September  or 
October,  though  with  care  any  time  from  the  middle  of  August  till  early 
spring  will  do.  In  winter  a  covering  of  manure  should  be  given  which 
should  be  well  worked  into  the  ground  in  spring. 

Propagate  by  division. 

There  are  a  thousand  or  more  horticultural  varieties  of  herbaceous 
Peonies,  nearly  all  derived  from  Paeonia  albiflora,  and  the  number  is  con- 
stantly being  added  to.  These  vary  in  color,  size  of  flower,  season  of 
bloom,  and  very  much  in  the  form  of  the  flower.  It  is  impossible  to  con- 
vey any  idea  of  these  flower  forms  without  photographs,  and  the  only 
really  satisfactory  way  to  choose  Peonies  is  by  seeing  them  in  bloom  at  a 
nursery.  The  following  short  hst,  therefore,  is  simply  a  classification  of 
some  of  the  universal  favorites,  all  of  which  will  be  found  to  be  very  de- 
sirable varieties: 

Yellow: 

Canari.  Outside  petals  ivory-white,  centre  amber,  medium-sized 
double  flowers. 

Solfatare.  Outside  petals  pure  white,  centre  sulphur-yellow,  medium- 
sized  double  flowers. 

White: 

Baroness  Schroeder.  Ivory-white,  very  large  double  flowers,  bloom- 
ing in  mid-season. 

Couronne  d'Or.  Pure  white,  with  amber-yellow  reflex  and  yellow 
stamens,  centre  petals  tipped  carmine.  Large,  double  fragrant  flowers, 
blooming  late. 

Duchesse  de  Nemours  (Calot).  Sulphur-white  with  greenish  reflections, 
fading  to  pure  white.  Large,  double  fragrant  flowers,  blooming  in  mid- 
season. 

Duke  of  Wellington.  White  with  sulphur-white  centre.  Large,  double 
fragrant  flowers. 

Festiva.    Pure  white,  centre  petals  tipped  with  crimson.    Large,  double 

flowers,  blooming  late.     A  dwarf  variety. 

r67 


34-     Paeonia  (albiflora  hybrids)  vars.  (Continued) 

Festiva  Maxima.  Pure  white,  centre  petals  tipped  with  crimson. 
Very  large  double  flowers,  blooming  early.  The  finest  white  form,  and 
one  of  the  best  and  most  freely  blooming  Peonies. 

Marie  Lemoine.  Pure  white,  with  ivory  centre  petals  tipped  carmine. 
Very  large  double  flowers,  blooming  late.     The  best  late  white  variety. 

Mme.  de  Verneville.  Sulphur-white  with  rosy  centre  petals  tipped 
carmine.     Very  large,  double,  finely  shaped  flowers. 

Pale  Rose: 

Charlemagne.  Flesh-white,  centre  tinted  mauve-pink.  Large,  double 
fragrant  flowers. 

Eugene  Verdier.  DeHcate  flesh-pink.  Very  large  double  flowers, 
blooming  late. 

Mme.  Boulanger.  White  tinted  with  delicate  mauve-pink.  Flowers 
double  and  very  late  blooming. 

Mme.  Calot.  Pale  pinkish  white  with  darker  centre.  Large,  double 
fragrant  flowers,  blooming  early. 

Rose: 

Baron  Rothschild.  Outside  petals  shell-pink,  centre  white.  Large, 
double  fragrant  flowers. 

Edulis  Superba.  Outside  petals  violet-rose,  centre  mauve-rose  with 
silvery  reflex.     Large,  double  very  fragrant  flowers,  blooming  very  early. 

Humei.  Deep  rose-pink  with  silver  tips.  Large,  double,  compact 
fragrant  flowers,  blooming  late. 

V Indispensable.  Very  delicate  mauve-pink  with  darker  centre. 
Very  large,  double  flowers,  blooming  late. 

Livingstone.  Pale  mauve-pink  tipped  with  white,  centre  touched  with 
carmine.     Blooming  late. 

Perfection  (Richardson).  Clear  flesh-pink  shad'^d  with  deeper  pink. 
Large,  double  fragrant  flowers,  blooming  very  late. 

Souvenir  de  V Exposition  Universelle.  Clear  cherry-rose,  tipped  silver. 
Large,  double  fragrant  flowers. 

Red: 

Edouard  Andre.  Deep  crimson-red,  shaded  black,  with  a  metallic 
lustre,  golden-yellow  stamens.  Large,  semi-double  flowers  blooming  in 
mid-season. 

i68 


34-     Paeonia   (albiflora  hybrids)  vars.  {Continued) 

Felix  Crousse.  Brilliant  red.  Large,  double  fragrant  flowers,  bloom- 
ing in  mid-season. 

Meissonier.  Brilliant  purple-crimson.  Double  fragrant  flowers  of 
medium  size. 

Monsieur  Martin  Cahuzac.  Deep  purple-red,  shaded  black  maroon. 
The  darkest  variety.     Blooming  in  mid-season. 

Parti-colored: 

Golden  Harvest.  Outside  petals  pale  mauve-pink,  inside  petals  creamy 
white,  with  bluish  pink  crimson-tipped  centre.  Large,  double  fragrant 
flowers. 

Jeanne  d' Arc.  Outside  petals  soft  pink,  inside  sulphur-white  with 
brilliant  pink  centre  stained  crimson.     Large  double  flowers. 


:69 


PAEONIA 


(From  the  classic  Greek  name  paionia,  named  for  Paion,  the  physician  of  the  gods) 

Ranunculacets 

130.     Paeonia  tenuifolia 
English  Names:  Fennel-  or  Fern-leaved  peony 


CAUCASUS 


MAY 


IARGE,  erect,  single,  deep  crimson-red  flowers  borne  on  densely  leafy 
^  stems  one  to  one  and  one  half  feet  high.  Leaves  finely  cut  and 
feathery,  dying  after  the  blooming  season.  Good  for  the  front  of  the 
herbaceous  border  on  ac- 
count of  the  beauty  of  its 
fiow^ers,  though  otherwise 
the  plant  is  not  to  be 
compared  with  the  other 
species  of  Peony.  Excel- 
lent for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easy  culture  in 
partial  shade.  For  proper 
planting  and  cultivation 
see  Paeonia  officinalis 
(page  307). 

Propagate  by  division. 

Var.     flore  pleno.     A 

double-flowered    variety, 

otherwise  similar  to  the 

type. 


J70 


PAPAVER 

(The  classic  Latin  name) 
Papavericeiz 

6y.     Papaver  orientale,  vars. 
English  Name:  Oriental  poppy. 

ASIA  MINOR  AND  PERSIA  JUNE  TO  EARLY  JULY 


IARGEopenflowerssixtoeightinchesacross,typicall\  othrilliantorange- 
^  scarlet  with  a  dark  purple  eye  and  purple  stamens,  but  ranging  to  pale 
salmon  and  deep  crimson  in  the  horticultural  varieties;  borne  on  strong  hairy 
stems  two  to  three  feet 
high.  Foliage  thickest  at 
the  bottom  but  growing 
somewhat  up  the  stem, 
leaves  large,  rough,  gray- 
ish green,  irregularly  and 
deeply  notched  and  ex- 
tremely decorative,  but 
dying  to  the  ground  after 
the  blooming  season.  All 
the  varieties  are  excellent 
forthe  herbaceous  border, 
though  none  are  equal 
to  the  type,  whose  flowers 
are  of  incomparable  bril- 
liancy; they  must,  how- 
ever, be  planted  where 
other  plants  will  conceal 
the  foliage  after  bloom,  as 
at  that  time  it  becomes 
very  unsightly.  Must  not 
be  crowded,  as  a  consider- 
able green  growth  is  made 
in  the  fall.  Excellent  for 
cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  good  garden  soil,  preferably  in  sun.     Should  not  be  disturbed. 
Propagate  easily  by  seed  sown  when  ripe  or  by  division  after  the 
flowering  season,  in  late  July  or  August. 

171 


67.     Papaver  orientale,  vars.  (Continued) 


Among  the  most  popular  varieties  arranged  in  the  order  of  their  color 
are: 

Var.  Blush  Queen.     Pale  pink. 

Var.  Princess  Victoria  Louisa.     Soft  salmon-rose  shading  to  blush- 
rose. 

Var.  Princess  Ena.     Clear  apricot-pink. 

Var.  Brightness.     Orange-scarlet. 

Var.  Royal  Scarlet.     Intense  scarlet  with  dark  centres. 

Var.  Goliath.     Crimson-scarlet,  the  largest  flowers  of  all. 

Var.  Parkmanii.     Rich  dark  scarlet. 

Var.  hractedtum  (P.  bracteatum).     Deep  crimson. 

Var.  Duke  of  Tech.     BrilHant  very  dark  crimson. 

Var.  Mahony.     Very  dark  crimson-maroon,  almost  black. 


17a 


PAPAVER 

(The  cias«ic  Latin  name) 
Papaoeracea 

136.     Papaver  nudicaule,  vars. 
English  Name:   Iceland  poppy. 


ARCTIC  REGIONS 

IARGE,  delicate,  crepey 
-^  ranging  in  color  from 
orange-red;  borne  singly  on 
delicately  curving  at  the 
top.  Lea ves  grayish 
green,  irregularly  and 
deeply  notched, extremely 
decorative  and  persistent, 
in  a  clump  at  the  base  of 
the  plant.  Charming  in 
the  front  of  the  herba- 
ceous border  or  in  the 
rock  garden,  and  excellent 
forcutting.  If  not  allowed 
to  seed  will  bloom  almost 
continuously  until  frost. 

Technically  a  hardy 
perennial,  but  rarely  last- 
ing more  than  two  years 
except  in  northern  cli- 
mates. It  should  there- 
fore be  treated  as  an 
annual  or  biennial,  and  re- 
sown  every  year  or  every 
second  year.  Of  easiest 
culture  in  light,  preferably 
rather  rich  soil,  in  full  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed. 
Will  bloom  the  first  year 
from  seed  sown  early. 


MID-APRIl.  TO  MID-JUiNF. 
I.ATE  AUGl'ST  THROUGH  SKriKMBF.R 

flowers  about  two  and  a  half  inches  across, 
white  through  greenish  yellow  to  orange  and 
hairy  leafless  stems  about  twelve  inches  long, 


173 


PENTSTEMON 

(From  the  Greek  pente,  five,  and  stemon,  stamens) 
Scrophulariacea 

28.     Pentstemon    barbatus,    var.    Torreyi    (P.    Torreyi;    Chelone 

Torreyi) 

English  Name:   Beard  tongue. 

COLORADO,  NEW  MEXICO  JUNE  AND  JULY 


NARROW,  tubular,  scarlet-coral  flowers  ranged  in  erect  heads  on 
many  stems  which  rise  from  a  dense  clump  of  foHage  to  a  height  of 
three  to  four  feet.  Leaves  mostly  at  the  base  of  the  plant,  narrow,  grayish 
green,  and  persistent. 
Excellent  for  the  herba- 
ceous border  on  account 
of  its  graceful  habit  and 
very  good  color;  also  good 
for  cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  any  light 
soil.  Good  drainage  and 
plenty  of  water  in  summer 
are  essential.  Requires 
full  exposure  to  the  sun 
and  does  best  in  a  sandy 
loam  somewhat  enriched 
with  well-rotted  manure. 
In  winter  cover  with 
ashes. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 

There  are  various  other 
varieties  ranging  from 
white  to  yellow-red,  and 
from  rose  through  red, 
purple,  and  violet  to  blue, 
but  probably  none  is  so 
good  as  the  one  here 
given. 


174 


PHLOX 

(From  the  Greet  phlox,  a  flame) 
PoUmoniacea 

137.     Phlox  divaricata  (P.  canadensis) 
English  Name:  Wild  sweet  William. 

NORTHWESTERN  NORTH  AMERICA  MAY 


FLAT,  somewhat  fragrant,  lavender-blue  flowers  about  one  inch  across, 
profusely  born  in  small  loose  clusters  terminating  slender,  branching, 
leafy  stems  ten  to  eighteen  inches  high.  Leaves  rather  narrow  and  pointed; 
persistent.  Excellent  for 
the  front  of  the  herba- 
ceous border,  for  carpet- 
ing in  damp  places,  in 
front  of  shrubbery,  or  by 
the  water  side,  for  the 
rock  garden.  Good  also 
for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  moist,  rich 
soil,  in  sun  or  shade. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 


^7S 


PHLOX 

(From  the  Greek  phlox,  a  flame) 
Polemoniacea 

56.     Phlox  pamiculata,  vars.   {P.  decussdta) 
English  Name:  Hardy  phlox. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETIES,  TYPE  FROM  PENNSYLVANIA  LATE  JUNE  THROUGH  SEPTEMBER 


FLAT  flow^ers  one  inch  or  more  across,  frequently  very  fragrant,  typi- 
cally pale  magenta,  but  in  the  horticultural  varieties  ranging  through 
almost  every  color  except  yellow,  profusely  borne  in  close  elongated  heads, 
sometimes  a  foot  long,  on 
erect  leafy  stems  from  two 
to  four  feet  high.  Leaves 
medium-sized  and  narrow, 
handsome  before  bloom- 
ing, but  unsightly  after 
the  blooming  season.  One 
of  the  most  valuable 
flowers  for  massing  in 
the  herbaceous  border  on 
account  of  its  fine  habit, 
wide  range  of  color,  and 
profuse  and  long  bloom. 
Good  also  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  garden  soil, 
in  sun.  Does  best  in 
rich,  rather  moist  soil. 
The  plants  when  full 
grown  form  clumps  two 
to  three  feet  across,  and 
that  much  space  should 
be  allowed  them  in  the 
bed.  They  will  thrive 
without  any  attention  for 
many  years,  but  for  the 
best  results  the  clumps  should  be  divided  every  three  years,  in  late  fall, 
otherwise  they  are  liable  to  become  root-bound  and  by  the  growth  of 

surrounding  seedhngs  seem  to  revert  to  the  type  color.     By  pinching  out 

176 


■jj^H 

^^BSHH^V^!!wM^ 

^^i^^^^l 

^^^^9  '^V  ^^ 

^v'^^^^^^H 

l^f^^^l 

■  V^- 

t  ^H 

Bg^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B 

■ 

56.     Phlox  paniculata,  vars.  {Continued) 

the  tips  in  early  summer  the  season  of  bloom  may  be  considerably 
postponed. 

Propagate  by  division. 

There  are  a  great  number  of  horticultural  varieties  of  many  colors 
and  shades.  These  differ  in  size  of  flower,  profusion  of  bloom,  height  of 
plant,  and  somewhat  in  season  of  bloom. 

Among  the  most  popular  are: 

Bright  Scarlet: 

Baron  Von  Dedem.  BriHiant  scarlet-red  with  salmon  shading. 
Boule  de  Feu.  Brilliant  scarlet  with  crimson  eye;  low  growing. 
Etna.     Brilliant  scarlet-red  with  maroon  eye. 

Geo.  H.  Strohlein.  Bright  orange-scarlet  with  crimson-red  eye;  tall 
growing  and  very  large  flowered.     The  finest  scarlet. 

Salmon-Scarlet: 

Athis.     Salmon-scarlet,  very  tall.     Excellent  variety. 
Ge7i.  Chanzy.     Salmon  with  bright  pink  centre. 

Gen.  Vonlleutsz.  Bright  salmon-scarlet  with  white  centre.  E.xccllcnt 
variety. 

Lothair.     Salmon-red,  carmine  eye. 

White: 

Frau  Anton  Buchner.  White.  Very  large  flowers  and  flower  heads, 
late  blooming  and  dwarf.     Excellent  variety. 

Jeanne  d'Arc.     Pure  white.     Large  flowers,  medium  tall,  very  late. 

Mrs.  Jenkins.  White.  Very  large  flower  heads,  tall  and  early  bloom- 
ing.    Excellent  variety. 

Tapis  Blanc.  Pure  white.  Very  large  flowers  and  flower  heads,  very 
dwarf.     Excellent  for  edging. 

F.  G.  Von  Lassburg.  Pure  white  with  the  largest  white  flowers; 
medium  tall. 

White  with  Crimson  centre: 

Henry  Murger.  White  with  very  large  red  eye.  Very  large  flowers. 
The  best  of  this  type. 

Richard  Wallace.     White  with  deep  violet-crimson  eye. 

177 


56.     Phlox  paniculata,  vars.  {Continued) 

Variegated: 

Beranger.  Apple-blossom  pink  with  rayed  white  halo  and  crimson 
centre.     Very  large  flowers. 

De  Mirihel.     White  suffused  with  rose-scarlet. 

Light  Pink: 

Elizabeth  Campbell  Light  salmon  changing  to  pink  in  the  centre. 
Large  flowers  and  flower  spikes.     Excellent  variety. 

Gruppenkonigen.     Soft  flesh-rose,  carmine  centre. 

Mme.  Paul  Dutrie.     Very  delicate  lilac-rose.     Very  large  flower  heads. 

Bright  Pink: 

Rijnstroom.  Clear  bright  pink.  Very  large  flowers  and  flower  trusses. 
Medium  tall.     The  best  bright  pink. 

R.  P.  Struthers.     Crimson-salmon  with  claret-red  eye. 

Wm.  Robinson.     Salmon-rose  with  pink  centre. 

Rose: 

Caran  d'Jche.     Soft  old-rose  with  white  eye. 

Crepuscule.  Lilac-rose  with  crimson  centre.  Very  large  flowers.  Ex- 
cellent variety. 

Pa7itheon.     Uniform  cerise-rose  throughout.     Large  flowers. 

Crimson: 

Comte  von  Hockberg.     Rich  crimson.     Large  flowers,  and  fine  color. 

Carmine-Magenta: 

Eclaireur.  Rich  rose-magenta  with  large  rosy-white  eye.  Excep- 
tionally large  flowers.     Low  growing.     Excellent  variety. 

Obergartner  Wittig.  Bright  magenta  with  white  centre.  Crimson- 
carmine  eye.     Large  flowers  and  flower  heads. 

Rosenberg.  Carmine-violet  with  blood-red  eye.  Exceptionally  large 
flowers  and  fine  form.     Excellent  variety. 

Lavender: 

Anton  Mercie.     Light  lavender  suflFused  with  lilac. 
Eugene  Danzanvilliers.     Rosy-lilac  shading  white  at  centre.     Large 
flower  heads.     Excellent  variety. 

178 


S6.     Phlox  paniculata,  vars.  (Continued) 


Cross-of -Honor.     Lilac  with  white  border  to  each  petal,  medium-sized 
flowers. 

Blue: 

Le  Mahdi.     Deep  reddish  violet  with  darker  eye,  when  in  shade  deep 
violet-blue.     Large  flower  heads. 


179 


PHLOX 

(From  the  Greek  phlox,  a  flame) 
PoUmoniacetz 

150.     Phlox  subulata,  vars.   (P.  setdcea,  vars.) 
English  Names:  Ground  or  Moss  pink,  Wild  pink,  Flowering  moss. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETIES,  TYPE  FROM  SOUTHEAST  U.  S.  A.  EARLY  APRIL  TO  MID-MAY 


FLAT  flowers  nearly  an  inch  across,  typically  magenta,  but  in  the  horti- 
cultural varieties  in  shades  of  pink,  blue,  and  white,  profusely  borne 
in  small  clusters  on  low  leafy  stems  two  to  six  inches  high.  Leaves  very 
narrow  and  sharp,  form- 
ing a  mosslike  mat;  ever- 
green. Excellent  as  an 
edging  for  the  herbaceous 
border,  for  the  rock  gar- 
den, or  for  forming  a 
carpet  in  dry  places,  on 
account  of  its  fine  foliage 
and  thick  sheet  of  bloom. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  light,  dry  soil, 
in  full  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed,  by 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 

The  best  horticultural 
varieties  are: 

Var.  alba  (P.  nivalis). 
White. 

Var.  atropurpurea. 
Deep  purple-rose,  not  a 
very  good  color. 

Var.  lilacina  (var.  G. 
F.  Wilson).  Light  lilac- 
blue. 

Var.  Nelsoni.  White, 
small  flower. 

Var.  rosea.      Delicate  rose-pink 


180 


PHLOX 

(From  the  Greek   phlox,  a  flame) 
PoUmonidceir 

loi.     Phlox   suffruticosa,  vars.    {P.   glaberrima,   var.   suffruticosa, 

P.  nitida) 

English  Name:   Early  blooming  hardy  phlox. 


HORTICULTURAL  VARIETIES 
TYPE   FROM  SOUTHERN   U.  S.  A. 


JUNE  TO  MID-JULY,  MID- 
AUGUST  THROUGH  OCTOBER 


FLAT  flowers  an  inch  or  more  across  in  white,  flesh-pink,  or  purple, 
profusely  borne  in  close  elongated  heads  sometimes  a  foot  long,  on  erect 
leafy  stems  from  two  to  four  feet  high.  Leaves  medium  size,  narrow,  and 
pointed,  dark  glossy 
green,  and  persistent. 

The  white  variety, 
Miss  Lingard,  is  perhaps 
the  best  of  all  hardy 
Phloxes  on  account  of  its 
fine  foliage  and  long 
bloom.  All  the  varieties 
if  not  allowed  to  seed  will 
bloom  well  a  second  time 
in  September.  One  of 
the  most  valuable  flowers 
for  massing  in  the  herba- 
ceous border.  Good  also 
for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture  in 
any  garden  soil,  in  sun. 
Does  best  in  rich,  rather 
moist  soil.  Should  not  be 
crowded,  and  should  be 
divided  every  three  years 
in  late  fall. 

Propagate  by  division. 

Var.  Miss  Lingard.  Pun- 
white  with  pale  pink  eye,  is 
by  far  the  finest.  Other 
varieties  of  rather  questionable  color  an.-: 

Var.  Burns.     Deep  rosy-purple. 

Var.  Ringleader.     Light  purple  with  crimson  eciure. 


PHYSOSTEGIA 

(From  the  Greek  -physa,  a  bladder,  and  stego,  to  cover,  in  reference  to  the  inHated  fruiting  calyx) 
Labidta 

57.     Physostegia  virginica   {P.  virginidna;  Dracocephalum 

virginidnum) 

English  Names:   False  dragon's  head,  Obedient  plant,  Lion's  heart. 

NORTH  AMERICA  JULY  AND  AUGUST 


SMALL,  curiously  shaped  tubular  flowers  often  an  inch  long,  usually 
rosy-pink  but  ranging  from  purplish  red  through  rosy-pink  and  lilac 
to  flesh-pink,  closely  borne  in  graceful  terminal  spikes  on  erect  stems  above 
a  leafy  plant  three  to  four 
feet  high.  Foliage  thick, 
fine,  and  persistent.  Good 
in  the  herbaceous  border, 
especially  as  a  contrast  to 
plants  of  coarser  habit,  or 
in  shrubbery.  Good  also 
for  naturalizing  in  moist 
places  and  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture 
in  a  strong,  rather  moist, 
and  rich  soil.  Should 
have  a  sunny  situation. 
If  not  allowed  to  seed,  will 
bloom  for  a  long  period. 

For  good  results  it  re- 
quires frequent  division 
or  replanting. 

Propagate  by  division 
in  spring. 

Var.  denticuldta,  a 
smaller  and  more  delicate 
variety  with  pink  flowers. 
Excellent. 


182 


PHYSOSTEGIA 


(Fr«m  the  Greek  physa,  a  bladder,   and  sUgo,  to 


in  reference  to  the  inflated   fruiting  calyx) 


58.     Physostegia  virginica,  var.  alba  (P.  virginidna,  var.  alba; 
Dracocephalum  virginidnxim^  var.  dlhuiii) 

English  Names:  White  false  dragon's  head,  Obedient  plant,  Lion's  heart. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY.  TYPE  FROM  NORTH  AMERICA  JULY  AND  AUGUST 


SMALL,  white,  curiously  shaped,  tubular  flowers,  often  an  inch  long, 
closely  borne  in  graceful  terminal  spikes  on  erect  stems  above  a 
bushy  plant  three  or  four  feet  hi^h.  Foliage  thick,  fine,  and  persistent. 
Good  in  the  herbaceous 
border,  especially  as  a 
contrast  to  plants  of 
coarser  habit,  or  in  shrub- 
bery. Good  also  for  natu- 
ralizing in  moist  places 
and  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture 
in  a  strong,  rather  moist, 
and  rich  soil.  Should 
have  a  sunny  situation. 
If  not  allowed  to  seed, 
will  bloom  for  a  long 
period. 

For  good  results  it  re- 
quires frequent  division 
or  replanting. 

Propagate  by  division 
in  spring. 


183 


PLATYCODON 


the  Greek  platys,  broad,  and  kodon, 
Campanulacea 


bell) 


79.     Platycodon  grandlflorum  {Campanula  grandiflora, 
Wahlenbergia  grandiflora) 

English  Names:   Balloon  flower,  Japanese  bellflower. 

EASTERN  ASIA  JULY  THROUGH  SEPTEMBER 


IARGE,  wide-open,  purplish  blue,  bell-shaped  flowers  two  or  three 
-/  inches  across,  with  curious  inflated  buds,  very  freely  borne  at  the 
tips  of  close-branching,  upright  leafy  stems,  forming  a  bushy  plant  one 
to  three  feet  high.  Leaves 
about  three  inches  long, 
pointed-oval,  light  green, 
and  handsome,  lasting  in 
fair  condition  until 
October.  One  of  the  very 
best  plants  for  the  herba- 
ceous border  on  account 
of  its  profusion  and 
beauty  of  bloom,  long 
season,  and  good  habit. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  a  well-drained 
sandy  loam,  in  sun  or 
shade.  Does  not  do  well 
in  either  very  stiff  or  very 
sandy  soil,  and  is  very 
sensitive  to  poor  drainage. 
Will  thrive,  however,  in 
poor,  dry  soil,  and  when 
once  established  will 
stand  considerable  neg- 
lect. 

The  stems  are  soft  and 
require    support.      They 
should   be   tied   to   light 
stakes  as  soon  as  they  are  a  foot  or  so  high,  for  if  once  allowed  to  flop  upon 
the  ground  they  cannot  be  straightened  up  without  breaking.     In  order  to 

1S4 


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^^^^^1 

w\ 

^^^ 

^ 

vl^ 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^■fef  \ 

^^^^^^^^^^^B 

1 W     \i 

79-     Platycodon  grandiflorum  {^Continued) 

secure  a  long  period  of  bloom  the  seeds  should  not  be  allowed  to  form. 
In  fall  the  dying  stems  should  not  be  cut  to  the  ground,  but  should  be 
left  to  protect  the  crown. 

Propagate  most  easily  by  seed,  though  the  seedling  frequently  does 
not  come  true  to  the  parent  in  form  and  color;  or,  with  more  difficulty, 
by  division  in  early  spring. 

Var.  flore-plcno  \\7iv.  japoniciim).  Similar  to  the  type  except  that 
the  flowers  have  a  double  row  of  petals,  one  inside  the  other,  forming  a 
ten-pointed  star;  pretty  and  interesting,  though  perhaps  not  quite  so 
handsome  as  the  type. 


185 


PLATYCODON 

(From  the  Greek  platys,  broad,  and  kodon,  a  bell) 
Campa7iulacea 

80.     Platycodon  grandiflorum,  var.  album  {Campanula  grandifidra, 
var.  alba;  Wahlenhergia  grandiflora,  var.   alba) 

English  Names:  White  balloon  flower,  White  Japanese  bellflower. 

EASTERN  ASIA  JULY  THROUGH  SEPTEMBER 


IARGE,  wide-open,  white  or  bluish  white  bell-shaped  flowers  two  to 
-/  three  inches  across,  with  curious  inflated  buds,  very  freely  borne  at 
the  tips  of  close,  branching,  upright  leafy  stems  forming  a  bushy  plant 
one  to  three  feet  high. 
Leaves  about  three  inches 
long,  pointed-oval,  light 
green,  and  handsome, 
lasting  in  fair  condition 
until  October.  One  of  the 
very  best  plants  for  the 
herbaceous  border  on  ac- 
count of  its  profusion  and 
beauty  of  bloom,  long 
season,  and  good  habit. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easy  culture  in 
well-drained  sandy  loam, 
in  sun  or  shade.  For  cul- 
tivation see  Platycodon 
grandiflorum,  page  347. 

Propagate  most  easily 
by  seed,  though  the  seed- 
ling frequently  does  not 
come  true  to  the  parent 
in  form  and  color;  or, 
with  more  difficulty,  by 
division  in  early  spring. 

Var.  flore-pleno  album 
(var.  japonicum  album). 
Similar  to  the  type  ex- 
cept that  the  flowers  have  a  double  row  of  petals,  one  inside  the  other, 
forming  a  ten-pointed  star;  perhaps  not  quite  so  handsome  as  the  type, 

186 


PLATYCODON 

(From  the  Greek  platys,  broad,  and  kodon,  a  bell) 
Campanulacea 

1 19.     Platycodon  Mariesi  (*P.  grandiflorum,  var.  Mariesi,  P.  grandi- 

florum,  var,  glaucum;  Campanula  grandiflora,  var.  Mariesi; 

Wahlenbergia  grandtflora,  var.  Mariesi) 

English  Names:   Dwarf  balloon  flower,  Dwarf  Japanese  bellflower. 

JAPAN  JULY  THROUGH  SEPTEMBER 


IARGE,  wide-open,  purplish  blue  bell-shaped  flowers  two  to  three 
-^  inches  across,  with  curious  inflated  buds,  freely  borne  at  the  tips 
of  close-branching,  upright  leafy  stems,  forming  a  bushy  plant  about 
one  foot  high.  Stronger 
and  more  compact  in 
habit  than  the  type. 
Leaves  about  three  inches 
long,  pointed-oval,  light 
green,  and  handsome, 
lasting  in  fair  condition 
until  October.  Excellent 
for  the  front  of  the  herba- 
ceous border  or  for  the 
rock  garden  on  account 
of     its      profusion     and 

beauty    of    bloom,    long    H^^HHHnVn^T^  hJIK^KV  IHitfSflttI 
season,  and  good  habit. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture 
in  well-drained  sandy 
loam,  in  sun  or  shade. 
Does  not  do  well  in  either 
very  stiff  or  very  sandy 
soil,  and  is  very  sensitive 
to  poor  drainage.  The 
stems  are  suflficiently 
sturdy  to  stand  without 
support.  In  order  to 
secure    a   long   period    of 


*  Form  of  name  most  approved  by  botanical  authorities. 

187 


119.     Platycodon   Mariesi   {Continued) 

bloom  the  seeds  should  not  be  allowed  to  form.  In  fall  the  dying  stems 
should  not  be  cut  to  the  ground,  but  should  be  left  to  protect  the  crown. 

Propagate  most  easily  by  seed,  though  the  seedling  frequently  does 
not  come  true  to  the  parent  in  form  and  color;  or,  with  more  difficulty,  by 
division  in  early  spring. 

Var.  flore-pleno.  Similar  to  the  type  except  that  the  flowers  have  a 
double  row  of  petals,  one  inside  the  other,  forming  a  ten-pointed  star; 
pretty  and  interesting,  though  perhaps  not  so  handsome  as  the  type. 


I8S 


PLATYCODON 

(From  the  Greek  platys,  broad,  and  kodon.  a  bell) 
Campanulaciit 

1 20.     Platycodon  Mariesi,  var.  album  (*P.  grandifldrum,  var. 
Mariesi  album;  P.  grandiflorum,  var.  glaucum  album;  Cam- 
panula grandiflora,  var.  Mariesi  dlba;  Jrahlenbergia 
grandifiora,  var.  Mariesi  dlbi) 

ILNGLISH  Names:   Dwarf  white  balloon  flower,  Dwarf  white  Japanese  bellflower. 

JAI'AN  JULY  THROUGH  SEITEMBER 


IARGE,  wide-open,  white  or  bluish  white  bell-shaped  flowers  two  to 
J  three  inches  across,  with  curious  inflated  buds,  freely  borne  at  the 
tips  of  close,  branching,  upright  leafy  stems,  forminj>  a  bushv  plant  about 
one  foot  high.  Stronger 
and  more  compact  in 
habit  than  the  type. 
Leaves  about  three  inches 
long,  pointed-oval,  light 
green,  and  handsome,  last- 
ing in  fair  condition  until 
October.  Excellent  for 
the  front  of  the  herba- 
ceous border  or  for  the 
rock  garden  on  account  of 
its  profusion  and  beauty 
of  bloom,  long  season,  and 
good  habit. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture 
m  well-drained,  sandy 
loam,  in  sun  or  shade. 
Does  not  do  well  in  either 
very  stiff  or  very  sandy 
soil,  and  is  very  sensitive 
to  poor  drainage.  Will 
thrive,  however,  in  poor, 
dry  soil,  and  when  once 
established  will  stand  con- 
siderable    neglect.      The 

*  Form  of  name  most  appiovcd 
by  botanical  authorities. 


I20.     Platycodon  Mariesi,  van  album  {Continued) 

stems  are  sufficiently  sturdy  to  stand  without  support.  In  order  to  se- 
cure a  long  period  of  bloom  the  seeds  should  not  be  allowed  to  form.  In 
fall  the  dying  stems  should  not  be  cut  to  the  ground,  but  should  be  left 
to  protect  the  crown. 

Propagate  most  easily  by  seed,  though  the  seedHng  frequently  does 
not  come  true  to  the  parent  in  form  and  color;  or,  with  more  difficulty,  by 
division  in  early  spring. 

Var.  flore  pleno  album.  Similar  to  the  type  except  that  the  flowers 
have  a  double  row  of  petals,  one  inside  the  other,  forming  a  ten-pointed 
star;  pretty  and  interesting,  though  perhaps  not  so  handsome  as  the  type. 


190 


PLUMBAGO 

(From  the   Latin   plumbum,  lead) 
Plumbaginacett 

Plumbago    Larpentae     (*Ceraiosiigma     plumhaginoides; 
Valor ddia  phimbaginoides) 

English  Name:   Leadwort. 

CHINA  MID-AUGUST  THROUGH  OCTOBER 


SMALL  flowers  of  deep  blue,  gradually  turning  violet,  profusely  born 
in  dense  heads  on  shrubby  branching  red  stems,  forming  persistent 
leafy  tufts  from  six  to  twelve  inches  high.     Excellent  for  edging  in  the 

herbaceous      border      on 

account  of  its  brilliant 
color  and  neat  habit,  and 
for  the  rock  garden. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  cultureinwarm, light 
soil,  and  full  sun.  Re- 
quires a  covering  of  leaves 
or  litter  in  winter. 

Propagate  by  division. 

*Nanie     most      approved      by 
botanical  authorities. 


191 


POLEMONIUM 

(From  polemonion,  the  Greek  name  for  Valerian,  perhaps  named  for  the  philosopher,  Polemon) 
PoUmoniacea 

102.     Polemonium  caeruleum 

English  Names:  Jacob's  ladder,  Greek  valerian,  Ladder-to-heaven,  Charity, 

Makebale. 


NORTH  ASIA,  EUROPE 


MID-MAY  THROUGH  JULY 


BELL-SHAPED  violet-blue  flowers  nearly  one  inch  across,  borne  in 
compact  terminal  heads  on  stout,  erect,  unbranching,  somew^hat  leafy 
stems  one  to  three  feet  high.  Leaves  compound,  consisting  of  many 
small  pointed  leaflets 
regularly  arranged  along 
the  leaf  stem,  largest  and 
most  abundant  at  the 
base  of  the  plant,  very 
pretty  and  persistent. 
Excellent  in  clumps  for 
the  herbaceous  border, 
though  never  making  very 
much  of  a  color  display. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture 
in  any  deep,  rich,  loamy 
soil,  in  partial  shade.  Re- 
quires a  considerable 
amount  of  moisture.  The 
foliage  is  easily  affected 
by  soil  spattered  on  the 
leaves  by  rain. 

Propagate  by  seed 
sown  in  the  fall  or  by 
division. 

Var.  album  {P.  album) . 
A  white-flowered  variety 
as  good  as  the  type. 


192 


POLEMONIUM 


(From  poll 


the  GrecL   name   for  Valerian,   perhaps  named   for  the   philosopher,  PoUmon) 
PoUmoniacfiC 

138.     Polemoiiium  humile,  var.    Richardsoni   {P.   Richardsoni; 
P.  villosum) 

English  Name:   Dwarf  Jacob's  ladder. 

ARCTIC  REGION  JUNE  AND  JULY 


FRAGRANT,  bell-shaped,  purplish  blue  flowers  sometimes  over  an 
inch  across,  with  golden  anthers,  borne  in  compact  terminal  clusters 
of  ten  to  twenty  flowers,  often  four  inches  across  and  three  inches  deep, 
on  slender,  erect,  un- 
branching,  somewhat 
leafy  stems  about  one 
foot  high.  Leaves  com- 
pound,consistingof  many 
small  leaflets  regularly 
arranged  along  the  leaf 
stem,  largest  and  most 
abundant  at  the  base  of 
the  plant,  very  pretty  and 
persistent.  The  best 
species  of  Polemonium, 
excellent  for  the  front  of 
the  herbaceous  border, 
for  the  rock  garden,  and 
for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture 
in  any  deep,  rich,  loamy 
soil,  in  partial  shade. 

The  foliage  is  easily 
aflPected  by  soil  spattered 
on  the  leaves  by  rain. 

Propagate  by  seed 
sown  in  the  fall  or  by 
division. 


193 


PRIMULA 


(From  the  low  Latin  primula,  d 


of  primus,  first,  because  of  early  blooming) 


Primulacea 

152.     Primula   cortusoides,   van    Sieboldi    (P.    Sieboldi;   P.   cor- 
tusoides,  var.  amoena;  P.  cortusoides,  var.  grandiflora) 

English  Name:  Siebold's  primrose. 

JAPAN  APRIL  TO  MID-MAY 

SHOWY  flowers,  in  some  varieties  fringed,  one  to  two  inches  across, 
ranging  from  pure  white  through  lavender  to  deep  purple-rose, 
borne  in  terminal  clusters  on  straight,  upright  hairy  stems  six  to  twelve 
inches  high.  Leaves  in  a 
large  rosette  at  the  base 
of  the  flower  stem,  soft 
and  somewhat  hairy, 
rounded-oval,  wavy 
edged,  and  handsome; 
turn  yellow  and  disappear 
shortly  after  the  bloom- 
ing season,  but  make  an- 
other green  growth  late  in 
summer.  Excellent  for  the 
herbaceous  border  or  for 
the  rockgardenonaccount 
of  its  beautiful  flowers. 
Is  not  suitable  for  edging 
because  of  its  bad  foHage 
habit.     Good  for  cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  light,  open 
soil  well  enriched  with 
leaf  mold,  in  a  somewhat 
sheltered  and  partially  or 
wholly  shaded  situation. 
Should  be  protected  by  a 
light  covering  of  leaves 
in  winter  and  divided 
every  three  years. 

Propagate  by  division  immediately  after  flowering  or  by  seed. 


194 


PRIMULA 


(From  the  low  Latin  primula. 


e  of  primus,  first,  because  of  early  blooming) 
Primulacete 


121.     Primula  japonica 
English  Name:  Japanese  primrose. 

JAPAN  MID-MAY  TO  LATE  JULY 


SHOWY  flowers  about  an  inch  across  ranging  in  color  from  white 
through  rose-pink  to  deep  purple-red,  borne  in  several  superimposed 
whorls  of  twelve  or  more  flowers,  each  on  straight,  upright,  leafless  stems 
one  to  two  feet  high. 
Leaves  in  a  clump  at  the 
base  of  the  flower  stalks, 
oval  and  finely  toothed, 
rather  thick  and  rounded 
on  the  upper  surface. 
Handsome  and  persistent. 
Excellent  for  shady  places 
in  the  front  of  the  herba- 
ceous border,  for  the  rock 
garden,  or  for  naturalizing 
in  moist,  shady  spots. 
Good  also  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture 
in  deep,  rich,  moist  soil, 
in  shade  or  partial  shade. 
Should  be  divided  at  least 
once  every  three  years  to 
avoid  its  becoming  root 
bound. 

Propagate  by  seed 
sown  as  soon  as  ripe  or 
by  division  immediately 
after  flowering. 


I9S 


PRIMULA 

(From  the  low  Latin  primula,  diminutive  of  primus,  first,  because  of  early  blooming) 
Primuldcea 

153.     Primula  Polyantha,  vars.  {Polyanthus;  P.  eldtior) 
English  Names:  English  Primrose,  Cowslip,  Oxlip. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY  APRIL  TO  MID-MAY 


SHOWY  flowers  about  an  inch  wide,  of  various  shades  of  yellow,  and 
dark  red  and  yellow  mixed,  borne  several  in  a  cluster  on  upright 
stems  rising  above  the  leaves  to  a  height  of  six  to  twelve  inches.  Leaves 
in  a  rosette  at  the  base 
of  the  plant,  rather  long 
and  thick,  rounded-oval, 
bright  green,  handsome, 
and  persistent.  Excel- 
lent as  an  edging  for  the 
herbaceous  border  on 
account  of  the  richness  of 
coloring  of  the  flowers 
and  the  attractive  foliage. 
Good  also  for  cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  rich,  some- 
what moist  soil,  in  shadeor 
partial  shade.  Should  be 
protected  by  a  light  cover- 
ing of  leaves  in  winter  and 
divided  every  three  years. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division  immediately 
after  flowering. 

The  origin  of  P.  Poly- 
antha is  much  debated;  it  is 
perhaps  a  cross  between  P. 
vulgaris  and  P.  officinalis  or 
P.  eldtior,  perhaps  directly 
derived  from  P.  eldtior  or 
from  P.  vulgdris. 

The  so-called  ^^Munstead  strain'^  is  a  fine,  large  variety.  There  is  also  an 
interesting  and  pretty  variety  known  as  duplex  (or  Hose-in-hose),  in  which  there 
is  one  complete  flower  inside  another. 

196 


PRIMULA 


(From  the  low  Latin   primula,  diminutive  of  primus,  first,  because  of  early  blooming) 
Primulacfa 

154.     Primula  veris  superba   (*P.  Harry  Mitchell) 
English  Names:  Giant  primrose,  Giant  cowslip. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY  APRIL  TO  MID-MAY 

VERY  fragrant  flowers  one  to  two  inches  in  diameter,  bright  primrose- 
yellow  with  deeper  yellow  centres,  freely  borne  in  clusters  on  up- 
right stems  which  rise  above  the  leaves  to  a  height  of  six  to  twelve  inches. 
Leaves  in  a  rosette  at  the 
base  of  the  plant,  rather 
long  and  thick,  rounded- 
oval,  bright  green,  hand- 
some, and  persistent. 

Excellent  as  an  edg- 
ing for  the  herbaceous 
border  on  account  of  its 
bright  masses  of  bloom 
and  attractive  foliage. 
Good  also  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture 
in  rich,  somewhat  moist 
soil,  in  partial  shade  or 
shade.  Should  be  divided 
at  least  once  every  three 
years  to  avoid  its  becom- 
ing root  bound. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division  immediately 
after  flowering. 

A  hybrid  form  of 
doubtful  origin,  perhaps 
a  cross  between  P.  Poly- 
dntha  and  P.  vulgaris. 


'Name  most  approved  by  botanical  authorities. 


197 


PYRETHRUM 

(From  pyrethron,  the  Greek  name  for  the  plant,  derived  from  pyr,  fire,  on  account  of  the  hot  taste  of  the  root) 

Composita 

122.     Pyrethrum  hybridum  vars.  (P.  roseum;  '^Chrysanthemum 

coccineum) 


English  Name:  Feverfew. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETIES,  TYPE  FROM  THE  CAUCASUS  AND  PERSIA 


JUNE  AND  JULY 


K^^i!^%W-*f. 

'j^& 

SINGLE  or  double  daisylike  flowers  sometimes  two  inches  across, 
ranging  in  color  from  pure  white  through  pink  to  rich  crimson-red 
and  also  pale  yellow,  with  bright  yellow  centres  in  the  single  forms;  pro- 
fusely borne  on  the  ends 
of  erect,  rarely  branching 
stems  one  totwo  feethigh. 
Leaves  very  finely  divided 
and  rather  inconspicuous. 
Excellent  in  masses  in  the 
herbaceous  border  on  ac- 
count of  the  brilliance  and 
profusion  of  its  flowers. 
Good  also  for  cutting.  If 
the  flowers  are  picked  as 
soon  as  they  begin  to  fade 
the  period  of  bloom  will  be 
prolonged,  or  if  the  plants 
be  cut  down  after  June  a 
good  second  crop  will  be 
borne  in  the  fall. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  rich, sandy, 
well-drained  loam.  In 
heavy  or  badly  drained 
soil  the  plants  are  not 
hardy.  Should  be  planted 
in  full  sun,  but  the  roots 
should  be  kept  cool  and 
moistbyshadeorbetterby 
a  mulch  of  manure.  In 
planting  the  ground  should  be  deeply  dug  and  well  enriched  with  manure. 

*Name  most  approved  by  botanical  authorities. 

198 


122.     Pyrethrum  hybridum  vars.  {Continued) 

Propagate  by  division  in  spring. 

There  are  a  great  many  named  varieties  carried  by  the  European 
nurser>'men,  but  the  American  nurserymen  rarely  catalog  them  by 
name. 


199 


PYRETHRUM 


(From  pyrethron,  the  Greek  name  for  the  plant,  derived  from  pyr,  fire,  on  account  of  the  hot  taste  of  the  root) 

Comp6sit(S 

14.     Pyrethrum  uliginosum  {* Chrysanthemum  uliginosum) 
English  Name:  Giant  daisy. 

HUNGARY  AUGUST  AND  SEPTEMBER 


IARGE  daisylike  flowers  two  to  three  inches  across,  pure  white  with 
-/  yellow  centres,  profusely  borne  in  loose  clusters  on  leafy  upright 
stems  branching  at  the  top,  forming  a  dense  bushy  plant  four  to  five  feet 
high.  Leaves  fight  green 
and  persistent.  Excellent 
for  moist  spots  in  the  her- 
baceous border,  or  for 
naturalizing  by  the  water 
side.  Good  also  for  cut- 
ting. The  flowers  should 
be  cut  as  soon  as  fully 
open  to  ensure  continuous 
bloom. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture 
in  rich,  heavy  loam,  in 
sunny  situations.  Should 
have  an  abundance  of 
moisture  at  all  times. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
from  which  it  will  bloom 
the  first  year,  or  by  cut- 
tings, suckers,  or  division. 

*Name     most     approved      by 
botanical  authorities. 


is:;  ■          ^}, 

■    ;^  t . 

%^^^ 

H^^ 

■   ^  *^' 

-  -\i^^ 

\-  ■'-  j:, .    ^~         -' 

RUDBECKIA 

(Named   for  Claus  Riidbeck,  d.   1702,  founder  of  the  botanical  garden   at  Upsala) 

Comf'6)iltr 

Rudbeckia  speciosa   (R.  cispcra;  R.  Nczvmanii) 
English  Names:  Cone  flower,  Black-eyed  Susan. 


SOUTHEASTERN  U.  S.  A. 


JULY  TO  EARLY  AUGUST 


DAISYLIKE  flowers  three  to  four  inches  in  diameter,  with  bright 
yellow  rays  and  large  conical  velvety  maroon  centres,  profusely 
borne  at  the  ends  of  upright  branching  stems  one  to  three  feet  high. 
Leaves  long  and  rather 
narrow,  mostly  at  the 
base  of  the  stems,  and 
somewhat  inconspicuous. 
Excellent  for  massing  in 
the  herbaceous  border  on 
account  of  the  brightness 
of  its  flowers,  or  for  natu- 
ralizing in  dry  places. 
Good  also  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  garden  soil, 
in  sun  or  partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  cuttings 
or  bv  division. 


SALVIA 

(The  Latin  name  from  salvus,  safe,  on  account  of  its  healing  properties) 
Labidta 

35.     Salvia  azurea,  var.  grandiflora  (S.  Pitcheri) 
English  Name:  Meadow  sage. 

SOUTH-CENTRAL  U.  S.  A.  AUGUST  AND  SEPTEMBER 

SMALL  tubular  flowers  of  sky-blue  varying  to  white,  in  long  terminal 
spikes  borne  on  erect  leafy  stems  two  to  five  feet  high.  Leaves 
rather  small  and  narrow,  pointed  and  saw-toothed  at  the  base  of  the  plant, 
smooth  above,  slightly 
downy,  and  persistent. 
Excellent  for  the  herba- 
ceous border  on  account 
of  the  lovely  color  of  its 
flowers. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  light,  sandy 
soil.  Requires  a  sunny 
situation,  and  in  a  cold 
cHmate  should  be  given  a 
light  covering  of  leaves 
in  winter. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 


SCABIOSA 


(From  the  Latin  jcabo,  to  tcratch,  because  supposed  to  cure  eruptions) 
Dipsacacta 

109.     Scabiosa  caucasica 
English  Names:   Pin  cushion  flower,  Blue  bonnet. 

CAUCASUS  JUNE  THROUGH  SEPTEMBER 


1ARGE  light  blue  flowers  with  a  single  row  of  rather  irregular  rays 
-^  and  full  rounded  centre  of  little  florets,  borne  terminally  on  long 
erect  stems  eighteen  inches  to  two  feet  high.  Leaves  small,  narrow,  and 
divided,  grayish  green 
and  insignificant.  Good 
for  the  herbaceous  border, 
when  massed  where  other 
plants  supply  its  lack  of 
foliage,  on  account  of  its 
fine  color  and  long  season 
of  bloom  if  not  allowed 
to  seed.  Excellent  for 
cutting. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  any 
good  garden  soil,  in  sun. 
Should  be  protected  by 
a  covering  of  leaves  in 
winter. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 

Var.  alba.  A  pure 
white  flowering  form 
otherwise  similar  to  the 
type.     Excellent. 


203 


SEDUM 

(From  the  Latin  sedeo,  to  sit,  because  the  plant  grows  flat  among  rocki) 

Crassulacea 

123.     Sedum  spectabile  (S.  Fabdria) 
English  Names:    Showy  sedum,  Stone  crop. 

POSSIBLY  FROM  JAPAN  MID-AUGUST  TO  EARLY  SEPTEMBER 


SMALL  flowers  of  rose-pink  varying  to  purplish  and  whitish,  in  showy, 
broad,  sHghtly  convex  heads  sometimes  four  inches  across,  borne  on 
stout,  erect,  leafy  stems  one  to  two  feet  high.  Leaves  broadly  rounded, 
wavy  along  the  edges, 
thick,  smooth,  grayish, 
and  evergreen.  Excellent 
for  the  front  of  the  herba- 
ceous border,  for  the  rock 
garden,  and  for  massing 
in  barren  spots. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  soil,  even  in 
sand,  stiff  clay,  or  among 
rocks,  provided  that  it 
has  good  drainage  in  win- 
ter. Requires  a  sunny 
situation. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
offsets,  or  by  division. 


ao4 


SPIRAEA 

(From  the  Greek   speira,  a  wreath  or  twist) 

Rosacea 

131.     Spiraea  astilboides,  var.  floribunda  {*AstUbe  astilboides, 

var.  floribunda;  Arilncus  astilboides,  var.  floribunda; 

Spircra  Aruncus,  var.  astilboides  floribunda) 

English  Name:  Meadcnv  sweet. 

JAPAN  Jl'NE 


VERY  small  creamy-white  flowers  in  graceful  terminal  plumelike 
spikes,  freely  borne  at  a  height  of  one  to  two  feet  on  branching  leafy 
stems.  Leaves  large  and  compound,  dark  glossy  green  and  persistent; 
highly  decorative.  Ex- 
cellent for  the  herbaceous 
border  or  for  naturaliz- 
ing by  the  water  side,  on 
account  of  its  handsome 
foliage  and  flowers,  and 
neat  habit.  Good  also 
for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture 
in  any  good  garden  soil, 
preferably  moist,  in  sun 
or  partial  shade. 

There  is  much  con- 
fusion over  this  plant 
because  of  its  close  re- 
semblance to  Astilbe 
japonic  a,  the  well-known 
florist's  Spiraea  or  false 
goat's  beard,  which  is  also 
a  useful  border  plant  but 
has  looser  flower  spikes 
and  is  usually  not  so  tall 
growing. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 


Name  most  approved  by  botanical  authoriti 


20s 


SPIRAEA 

(From  the  Greek  spcira,   a  wreath  or  twist) 
Rosacea 

167.     Spirsea  Filipendula  {Ulmdria   Filipendula;  Filipendula 
hexapHala) 

English  Names:  Dropwort,  Meadow  sweet. 

EUROPE,  W.  ASIA,  SIBERIA  JUNE 


VERY  small,  fragrant,  feathery  white  flowers,  with  pink  buds, 
irregular,  flattish  terminal  clusters,  borne  in  profusion  on 
erect,  branching  stems  rising  about  a  foot  high  above  a  mass 
low,  fine,  feathery  foliage. 
Leaves  fernlike,  six  to 
eighteen  inches  long, 
springing  from  the  roots, 
dainty  and  evergreen. 
Excellent  for  the  herba- 
ceous border  or  for  the 
rock  garden.  Good  also 
for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  rather  dry  soil  and 
full  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed 
sown  in  spring  or  by 
division. 

WdiX.  flore  pleno.  Has 
double  flowers  which, 
though  not  quite  so  dainty 
as  those  of  the  type,  last 
longer.     Excellent. 


in  loose, 
slender, 
of  very 


206 


SPIRAEA 

(From  the  Greek  speira,  a  wreath  or  twist) 
Rosacea 

36.     Spiraea  lobata,  var.  venusta  {*Ulmdria  rubra,  var.  veyiusta; 
S.  venusta;  Filipendula  lobata) 

English  Name:  Queen-of-the-prairie. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY,  TYPE  FROM  U.  S.  A..  PENN.  TO  GA.  MID-JULY  THROUGH  AUGUST 


VERY  small,  feathery  carmine  flowers  in  sho\v>',  loose,  irregul 
tish  terminal  clusters,  profusely  borne  on  erect  leafy  stems 
six  feet  high.  Leaves  elmlike,  with  seven  to  nine  points  and  saw 
large,  handsome,  and  per- 
sistent. Good  for  plant- 
ing in  the  herbaceous 
border  or  among  shrub- 
bery, and  especially  for 
naturalizing  in  masses  by 
the  water  side.  Good  for 
cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  moist,  rich  soil,  in 
partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 

*Namemost  approved  by  botani- 
cal authorities. 


ar,  flat- 
two  to 
-edged; 


107 


SPIRAEA 

(From  the  Greek  speira,  a  wreath  or  twist) 

Roidced 

\2.     Spiraea  palmata,  var.  elegans  (*Ulmdria  purpurea,  var. 
elegans;  Filipendula  purpurea) 

English  Name:  Crimson  meadow  sweet. 

HORTICULTURAL  VARIETY.  TYPE  FROM  JAPAN  MID-JUNE  TO  LATE  JULY 


V 


ERY  small,  fragrant,  feathery  white  flowers  with  red  stamens  giving 
a  silvery  pink  effect,  in  loose,  irregular,  flattish  terminal  clusters, 
purpHsh,  leafy  stems  two  to  four  feet  high. 


profusely  borne  on  erect 
Leaves  elmhke  with  large, 
five  to  seven  pointed, 
terminal  leaflets  and 
single-pointed  side  leaf- 
lets, saw-edged,  very 
large,  handsome,  and  per- 
sistent. The  finest  species 
of  the  Ulmarias,  excellent 
for  the  herbaceous  border, 
for  planting  among  shrub- 
bery, or  for  naturalizing 
by  the  water  side.  Good 
also  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easy  culture 
in  any  moist,  rich  soil,  in 
partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 

S.  palmata.  The  type 
of  which  this  plant  is  a 
variety  has  deep  pink  or 
carmine  flowers  and  i 
equally  fine  in  every  wax 
except  that  the  color  of  the 
flowers  is  not  so  delicate. 


*Name  most  approved  by  botanical  authorities. 


208 


STATICE 


(The  nitne  given  by  Pliny  to  some  astringent  herb,  from  the  Greek  statikoi,  causing  to  stand, 
referring  to  its  use  in  stopping  bleeding) 

Plumbaginacett 

iio.     Statice  latifolia 
English  Name:  Great  sea-lavender. 

RUSSIA  MID-JULY  THROUGH  AUGUST 


V 


ERY  small,  fragrant,  blue  flowers  in  large,  very  loose-spreading  heads 
forming  a  cloud  of  bloom,  profusely  borne  on  delicate  branching 
stems  which  rise  above  the  foliage  to  a  height  of  one  to  two  feet.  Leaves 
large,  rounded-oval, 
luxuriant,  and  persistent. 

Good  for  the  herba- 
ceous border,  bilt  es- 
pecially useful  for  the  rock 
garden  or  dry  places,  or 
in  front  of  shrubbery. 
Good  also  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  deep,  sandy  soil,  in 
full  sun.  Should  not  often 
be  disturbed. 

Propagate  by  seed 
sown  in  spring. 


209 


STOKESIA 


(Named  for  Dr.  Jonathan  Stokes,  I7S5-I^ 
ComposiUi 


an  English  botanist) 


124.     Stokesia  cyanea 
English  Names:  Stokes'  aster,  Cornflower  aster. 

GEORGIA.  SOUTH  CAROLINA  JULY  THROUGH  OCTOBER 

IARGE,  double,  purplish  blue  flowers  somewhat  resembling  a  China 
^  Aster,  sometimes  three  to  four  inches  across,  borne  on  erect  leafy 
stems  one  to  two  feet  high.  Leaves  long  and  narrow,  rather  incon- 
spicuous. Excellent  in 
clumps  in  the  herbaceous 
border  on  account  of  its 
fine  though  not  very  pro- 
fuse flowers  and  long 
season  of  bloom.  Excel- 
lent also  for  cutting. 

A  perennial  of  easy 
culture  in  well-drained 
sandy  loam,  in  the  sun. 
Perfectly  hardy  in  the 
south  and,  with  winter 
protection,  hardy  in  New 
England. 

Propagate  by  division. 
Var.     alba.      A    pure 
white       flowered       form 
similar  to  the  type.     Ex- 
cellent. 


THALICTRUM 

(An  ancient  Greek  plant  name  derived  from  tkallo,  to  bloom) 
Ranunculacea 

37.     Thalictrum  aquilegifolium,  var.  roseum 
English  Names:  Meadow-rue,  Feathered  or  Tufted  columbine. 

EUROPE,  N.  ASIA  MID-MAY  TO  MID-JULY 


FEATHERY  rose-colored  flowers  in  large  fluffy  clusters,  borne  on 
erect  forking  stems  one  to  four  feet  high.  Leaves  three  lobed,  deli- 
cately attached  to  long  side  stems,  dark  green,  and  resembling  the  foliage 
of  the  Columbine,  or,  on 
a  very  large  scale,  the 
maidenhair  fern;  persist- 
ent and  very  decorative. 

Excellent  for  the  her- 
baceous border  or  for 
naturalizing  in  front  of 
shrubbery. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  good,  well- 
drained  loam,  in  sun  or 
partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division  in  early  spring. 

T.  aquile gifolium. 
The  type  of  which  this 
plant  is  a  variety  has 
whitish  yellow  flowers. 
Excellent. 


TRADESCANTIA 

(Named  for  John  Tradescant,  gardener  to  Charles  I,  d.  about  1638) 
Commelindcea 

103.     Tradescantia  virginiana  {T.  virginica) 

English  Names:  Common  spiderwort,  Spider  lily,  Trinity  violet,  Flower-of-a- 

day. 

EASTERN  U.  S.  A.  MID-MAY  TO  MID-JUNE,  MID-AUGUST  TO  MID-SEPTEMBER 


VIOLET-BLUE  flowers  of  various  shades,  one  to  two  inches  across, 
freely  borne  in  terminal  clusters  on  vigorous  erect  branching  stems 
forming  a  bushy  plant  one  to  three  feet  high.  Leaves  grasslike,  six  to 
fifteen  inches  long;  per- 
sistent. Excellent  for  the 
herbaceous  border  or  rock 
garden  on  account  of  its 
freeness  of  bloom  and  long 
season. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  ordinary  garden 
soil,  in  sun  or  partial 
shade. 

Propagate  by  cuttings 
or  by  division  in  spring. 

Var.  dlha.  Has  white 
flowers.     Excellent. 

Var.  ccBrulea.  Has 
brighter  blue  flowers  than 
the  type.     Excellent. 


TRITOMA 


(From  the  Greek  tritomos,  thrice  tut,  the  stygma  and  capsule  being  three-parted) 
Lilidcftr 

83.     Tritoma  Pfitzeri  {*Kniphdfia  Pfitzeri) 
English  Names:  Red-hot  poker  plant,  Flame  flower,  Torch  lily,  Triton's  spear. 

S.  AFRICA  AUGUST  THROUGH  OCTOBER 


F)RMAL  pointed  spikes  about  twelve  inches  long  composed  of  a 
great  many  small  drooping  tubular  flowers  about  an  inch  long,  rich 
orange-scarlet  in  color,  shading  to  salmon-rose  at  the  bottom,  closely 
and  regularly  arranged, 
and  borne  on  erect  stems 
two  to  four  feet  long. 
Leaves  very  long  and 
narrow,  two  to  three  feet 
long,  springing  from  the 
base  of  the  plant  and 
curving  gracefully  to  the 
ground.  Excellent  for 
the  herbaceous  border  on 
account  of  its  very  bril- 
liant flowers  and  length 
of  bloom.  Extremely 
striking  in  masses  against 
shrubbery.  Good  also  for 
cutting. 

A  perennial  of  easy 
culture  in  well-drained, 
light,  sandy  soil,  with 
plenty  of  water  in  sum- 
mer. A  warm  sheltered 
situation  is  desirable,  in 
sun  or  partial  shade.  If 
covered  with  a  deep 
mulch  of  manure  in  win- 
ter it  is  hardy  as  far 
north  as  Philadelphia, 
but  farther  north  the  short  rhizomes  should  be  taken  up  in  November 
and  wintered  indoors  in  dry  earth. 

*Name  most  approved  by  botanical  authorities. 

213 


If 

■'A  <* 

84-    Tritoma  Pfitzeri  (Continued) 

Propagate  by  division. 

There  are  a  number  of  horticultural  varieties  ranging  through  many 
shades  and  combinations  of  red,  orange,  and  yellow,  and  with  consider- 
able difference  in  their  season  of  bloom,  but  none  so  profuse  or  with  as 
long  a  season  as  the  Pfitzeri  variety. 


2:4 


TROLLIUS 

(From  the  old  Germaa  trol,  round,  referring  to  the  shape  of  the  floweri) 
RanuiuuUctte 

125.     Trollius  europius  (T.  globosus) 
English  Names:  Globe  flower,  Golden  ball. 

N.  EUROPE  EARLY  MAY  TO  EARLY  JUNE 


IARGE,  double,  globular  lemon-yellow  flowers  one  to  two  Inches  across, 
-i  borne  singly  or  in  pairs  at  the  ends  of  sturdy,  upright,  sometimes 
branching  stems  one  to  two  feet  high.  T.enves  mostly  at  the  base  of 
the  plant,  large,  sharply 
divided,  and  notched; 
handsome  and  persistent. 
Excellent  in  clumps  in 
moist  spots,  in  the  herba- 
ceous border,  or  for 
naturaHzing  by  the  water 
side,  on  account  of  the 
beautiful  form  and  color 
of  its  flowers  and  fine 
foliage.  Good  also  for 
cutting.  A  second  crop 
of  smaller  flowers  is  fre- 
quently produced  in 
autumn. 

A  hardy  perennial  of 
easy  culture  in  moist, 
peaty  loam,  heavy  rather 
than  sandy,  in  partial 
shade.  Will  grow,  how- 
ever, in  ordinary  garden 
soil  if  not  allowed  to  be- 
come dry.  Does  better 
in  a  cool  than  in  a  warm 
climate. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division.  Grows  very 
slowly  at  first  from  seed,  which  frequently  does  not  germinate  the  first  year. 

There  are  a  number  of  excellent  varieties  and  related  species,  among 
the  most  popular  are: 

215 


125-    Trollius  europzeus   {Continued) 

T.  asidticus.  Flowers  more  open,  rich  orange,  with  orange-red  an- 
thers, the  most  brilHant  species. 

T.  japonicus  excelsior.     Bright  yellow. 

r.  caucdsicus  var.  "Orange  Globe."  Rich  orange,  perhaps  the  best 
species  of  all. 


216 


TUNICA 


(From  the  Latin  tunica,  a  tloak,  alluding  to  the  bracts  at  the  base  of  the  calyx) 

Caryophyildceiz 

164.     Tunica  Saxifraga 
English  Names:  Tunica,  Saxifrage  pink. 

S.  EUROPE,  ASIA  LATE  JUNE  THROUGH  AUGUST 


VERY  small  pink  or  purplish  pink  flowers,  borne  in  profusion  on  wiry 
stems  six  to  ten  inches  high.  Leaves  very  small,  dark  green,  and 
persistent,  forming  a  tufted  spreading  mat.  When  in  bloom  presents 
an  appearance  somewhat 
like  that  of  the  Gypso- 
phila,  a  delicate  pinkish 
cloud.  Not  striking,  but 
very  dainty  and  ajways 
useful  because  of  its  trim 
foliage.  Good  for  ed^inji; 
the  herbaceous border  and 
excellent  for  the  rock 
garden, or  for  naturalizing 
in  old  walls,  etc.,  as  it  will 
grow  in  the  poorest  soil. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  soil,  in  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 


ai7 


VALERIANA 

(From  the  Latin  vaUre,  to  be  strong,  because  of  its  medicinal  uses) 


59- 


VaUrianacea 

Valeriana  officinalis 


English  Names:  Common  valerian,  Cat's  valerian,  Garden  heliotrope.  All' 
heal.  Cut-heal,  Setwall,  Herb  bonnet,  St.  George's  herb.  Spurred  flower. 


EUROPE.  N.  ASIA 


JUNE  TO  JULY 


SMALL,  very  fragrant  flowers  varying  to  whitish  or  lavender,  freely 
borne  on  somewhat  downy  and  branching  stems  two  to  five  feet  high. 
Leaves  compound  with  several  narrow  pointed  leaflets,  showy,  fragrant, 
and  persistent.  Excel- 
lent for  the  herbaceous 
border,  more  on  account 
of  its  aromatic  odor  than 
for  its  flowers;  or  for 
naturalizing  amongshrub- 
bery. 

A  perfectly  hardy 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  soil,  even  in 
waste  places,  in  sun.  It 
spreads  rapidly,  soon 
forming  large  clumps. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 


2I» 


VERONICA 

(Named  for  Saint  Veronica) 
Scroph  ulariacfir 

155.     Veronica  incana   (/'.  Candida;  /'.  neglecia) 
English  Name:   Hoary  speedwell. 

S.  W.  EUROPK,  \,  ASIA  JULY  TO  MID-AUGUST 


SMALL,  rich  blue  flowers  in  many  graceful  slender  spikes  three  to  six 
inches  long,  borne  on  branching  leafy  stems  eight  to  eighteen  inches 
high.  Leaves  one  to  three  inches  long,  rather  narrow  and  pointed,  downy 
grayish  green,  and  per- 
sistent. Excellent  for  the 
front  of  the  herbaceous 
border  on  account  of  its 
trim  and  fresh  appearance 
both  in  and  out  of  bloom; 
good  also  for  the  rock 
garden. 

A  perfectly  hard\  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  garden  soil,  prefer- 
ably sandy,  in  sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
bv  division. 


VERONICA 

(Named  for  Saint  Veronica) 

ScTOphulaTiacea 

104.     Veronica  longifolia,  var.  subsessilis 
English  Name:  Speedwell. 

JAPAN  MID-JULY  TO  MID-SEPTEMBER 


SMALL,  intense,  lavender-blue  flowers  in  numerous,  showy,  slender 
spikes  six  to  twelve  inches  long,  rising  above  vigorous,  erect,  branch- 
ing leafy  stems  forming  compact  clumps  two  to  three  feet  high.  Leaves 
two  to  four  inches  long, 
narrow  pointed  and  saw- 
edged,  green  and  per- 
sistent. Probably  the 
best  known  and  certainly 
one  of  the  most  satis- 
factory Veronicas  on 
account  of  its  sturdyhabit 
and  brilliant  flowers.  Ex- 
cellent for  the  herbaceous 
border  or  for  naturalizing 
in  front  of  shrubbery. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  good  garden  soil, 
in  sun.  Does  best  in 
deep,  rich  loam  in  an  open 
situation. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 


ZZQ 


VERONICA 


(Named   for  Saint  Veronica) 
ScTophulariacea 

169.     Veronica  rupestris  {V.  fruticulosa) 
English  Name:   Rock  speedwell. 

EUROPE  MID-MAV  TO  MID-JUNE 


SMALL,  deep  purplish  blue  flowers  in  many  dense  erect  spikes,  rising 
to  a  height  of  four  to  five  inches  from  woody,  creeping,  leafy  stems. 
Leaves  narrow  and  pointed,  one  half  to  one  inch  long,  forming  a  neat  close 
mat.  Excellent  as  an 
edging  for  the  herbaceous 
border  on  account  of  its 
dense  foliage  habits  and 
the  profusion  of  its 
flowers,  or  for  planting  in 
the  rock  garden. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  good,  sandy  gar- 
den soil,  preferably  in 
sun. 

Propagate  by  seed  or 
by  division. 


VIOLA 


(The 


lassical  Latin  name) 
Violacea 


165.     Viola  cornuta 
English  Names:   Homed  violet,  Bedding  pansy,  Tufted  pansy. 


EARLY  APRIL  THROUGH  OCTOBER 


PALE  blue,  slightly  fragrant  flowers  like  small  Pansies,  freely  borne  on 
erect  bare  stems  about  six  inches  high,  above  handsometuftsof  foliage. 
Leaves  rather  large,  irregularly  heart-shaped,  bright  green,  and  persistent. 
Excellent  for  edging  the 
herbaceous  border  on 
account  of  its  fine  habit, 
long  season  of  bloom,  and 
charming  flowers.  Good 
also  for  the  rock  garden 
and  for  cutting. 

A  perfectly  hardy  per- 
ennial of  easiest  culture 
in  any  good  garden  soil, 
in  sun  or  partial  shade. 

Propagate  by  seed, 
cuttings,  or  by  division. 

There  are  several 
varieties  as  good  as  the 
type,  which  furnish  a 
number  of  different  colors, 
among  these  are: 

Var.  dlha^  white. 

Var.  Admiration.  Pur- 
ple-blue with  dark  eye, 

Var.  G.  Wernig.  Deep 
blue,  large  flowers. 

Var.  lutea.     Yellow. 

Var.  Papilio.  Violet 
with  dark  eye,  large 
flowers. 


YUCCA 


(The  Indian  name  for  the  Manihot,  erroneously  applied  to  this  plant) 
Liliacftz 

II.     Yucca  filamentosa 

English  Names:  Adam's  needle,  Adam's  needle  and  thread,  Thready  yucca, 
Eve's  thread,  Thread  and  needle.  Eve's  darning  needle.  Bear's  thread.  Bear 
grass,  Silk  grass. 

SOUTHEASTERN  U.  S.  A.  MID-JUNE  THROUGH  JULY 


CREAMY-white  flowers  like  very  small  Magnolia  blossoms,  borne 
pendently  in  long  loose  spikes  on  erect  stems  four  to  six  feet  high. 
Leaves  evergreen  in  a  clump  at  the  base  of  the  flower  stalks,  long  and 
narrow,  about  one  inch 
wide,  very  sharply 
pointed,  stiff  and  erect 
toward  the  centre,  but 
recurving  at  the  outside 
of  the  clump,  grayish 
green  with  threadlike 
fibres  along  the  edges. 
Excellent  for  formal 
clumps  in  the  herbaceous 
border  or  for  planting 
against  a  background  of 
shrubbery. 

A  perfectly  hard\ 
perennial  of  easiest  cul- 
ture in  any  well-drained 
soil,  in  sun.  Being  a 
desert  plant,  it  grows  well 
in  barren  places,  and 
thrives  best  in  sand\ 
loam. 

Propagate     by     seed, 
offsets,  or  by  stem   cut 
tings. 


223 


GENERAL  INDEX 


GENERAL  INDEX 

Numbers  in  parentheses  refer  to  color  charts;  *  indicates  name  most  approved  by  botanical 
authorities. 


PAGE 

Achillea  Eupatorium  (17) 21 

— filipendulina  =  *A.  Eupatorium  (17)  21 

—millefolium,  var.  roseum  (88)  ...  22 
— Ptarmica,  var.  flore  pleno,  "The  Pearl" 

(89) 23 

— tomentosa  (143) 24 

Aconite  =  *Aconitum  Napellus  (18),  (19)  25,  26 
Aconitum  Napellus  (18),  (19)  ...  25,  26 
— pyramidale  =  *A.  Napellus  (18),  (19)  25,  26 
— tauricum  =  *A.  Napellus  (18),  (19)  25,  26 

Adam's  needle  =  *Yucca  filamentosa  (11)  .  223 
— needle    and     thread  =  *Yucca    filamen- 

tosa  (n) 223 

Adonis  apennina  =  *A.  vcrnalis  (133)    .  27 

— Davurica — *A.  vernalis  (133)       ...  27 

Spring— ,  =  *A.  vernalis  (133)      ...  27 

— vernalis  (133)          27 

Agrostemma  Coronaria  (84)       ....  28 

Air  bell  =  *Campanula  rotundifolia  (141)  .  69 

Ajuga  reptans  (160) 29 

Alkanet  =  *Anchusa  italica  (31),  (32)    .       35,  ^7 

All-heal*  =  Valeriana  officinalis  (59)  218 

Althaea  rosea  (i) 32 

Althea  rose  =  *AIthaea  rosea  (i)      .      .      .  32 

Alstroemeria  chilensis  (85) 30 

Alum  root  =  *Heuchera  sanguinea  (135)  122 

Alyssum  saxatile,  var.  compactum  (139)  .  34 
Anchusa  italica,  (31),  (32)    ....       35,  37 

Anemone  japonica  (60) 38 

Anemone  sylvestris  (126) 40 

Anthemis    Kelwayi  =  *A.    tinctoria,    var. 

Kelwayi 41 

Anthemis  tinctoria  (90) 41 

Anthericum  Liliastrum,  var.  major  (91)  .  42 
Aquilegia  atrata  =  *A.  vulgaris,  var.  nivia 

grandiflora  (68)         45 

— caerulea  (127)         43 

^chrj-santha  (38)            44 

^leptoceras  =  *A.  caerulea  (127)    ...  43 
^leptoceras  var.  chrysantha  =  *A.chrvsan- 
tha(38)    '.      .  44 

—  macrantha  =  *A.  caerulea  (127)    ...  43 
— Skinneri  var.  hybrida,  =  *A.  chrysantha, 

var.  Jaeschkani         ......  44 

— stellata  =  *A.  vulgaris,  var.   nivia  gran- 
diflora (68)          .......  45 

• — vulgaris,  var.  nivia  grandiflora  (68)       .  45 

Arabis  albida  (159) 46 

— caucasica  =  *A.  albida  (159)    ....  46 

Armeria  maritima,  var.  splendens  (161)  .  47 
Armeria     vulgaris,     var.    splendens  =  *.-\. 

maritima,  var.  splendens,  (161)           .  47 
Aruncus  astilboides,  var.  floribunda  =  Spi- 
raea astilboides,  var.  floribunda  (131)  205 
.Asclepias  tuberosa  (92) 48 

227 


.•\ster,  alpine  =  *A.  alpinus  (144)      ...       49 

— alpinus  (144) 49 

cornflower — ,  =  *Stokesia  cyanea  (124)  .     210 
dwarf-—,  =  *A.  alpinus  (144)  ....       49 

— grandiflorus  (6q) 50 

New     England—,  =*.\.    novae-angliae 

^(20),  (21) 51,52 

New  York— ,  =  *A.  novi-belgii  (22),  (23)53,54 
— novae-angliae  (20),  (21)  .       51,52 

—novi-belgii  (22),  (23)  ....       54,  55 

— ptarmicoidcs  (11 1) 

Stokes — ,  =  *Stokesia  cygnca  (124)    . 
*Astilbe  astilboides,  var.  floribunda  =  Spi- 
raea astilboides,  var.  floribunda  (131) 
Chinese— ,  =  *.'\.  Davidii  (8)  .      .      .      . 

— Davidii  (8) 

Avens  =  *Geum  Heldrichi  (134)  .      . 


55 
210 

205 
56 
S6 

109 


Baby's     breath  =  *Gypsophila     paniculata 

(62) 

— *(;.  rcpens  (168) 

Bachelor's  buttons  =  *Centaurea  montana 

.  (105)  ......  

Bairnwort  =  *Bellis  perennis  (166)  . 
Balloon  flower  =  *Platycodon  grandiflorum 

(79).  (80) 184, 

Dwarf — ,=  Platvcodon  Mariesi  (119), 

(120)  ..."......   187, 

Balmony  =  *Chelone  Lyonii  (86)     . 
Baptisia  australis  (42)     .... 

— caerulea  =  *B.  australis  (42)  . 
— cxaItata  =  *B.  australis  (42)  . 
Basket   of  gold  =  *Alyssum   saxatile,   var. 

compactum  (139) 

Bear  grass  =  *Yucca  filamcntosa  (11)  . 
Bear's  thread  =  *Yucca  filamcntosa  (11) 
Beard  tongue  =  *Pentstemon  barbatus,  var. 

Torreyi  (28)  .  .  .  .  . 
Bee  balm  =  *Monarda  didyma  (77) 
Bellflower  =  *Campanula   carpatica    (145), 

(146)         62,63 

clustered  — ,=  'Campanula      glomerata 

(112) 64 

great — ,  =  *Campanula     latifolia,     var. 

macrantha  (43) 65 

Bellis  perennis  (i6i3) 58 

Bird's  eye  =  *.Adonis  vernalis  (133).  27 

Bitter  herb  =  *Chelone  Lyonii  (86).      .      .       74 
Black  blood  =*Lythrum  Salicaria,  var.  ro- 
seum superbum  (54)      .....      156 
Black-eyed    Susan  =  *Rudbeckia    speciosa 

(8i) 201 

Black  Sampson  =  'Echinacea  purpurea  (50)     102 
Blanket     flower  =  *Gaillardia     grandiflora 

(99) »o6 


186 


74 
57 
57 
57 

34 
223 

223 

174 
157 


228 


GENERAL  INDEX 


PACE 

Blazing  star  =  *Liatris  pycnostachya  (15).  137 

''  '•,  =Montbretia  crocosmaeflora  (55)  .  158 
Bleeding     heart  =  *Dicentra     spectabilis 

(98) •      •      •  95 

Blooclwort  =  *Achillea     Millefolium,     var. 

roseum  (88)         22 

Bloomingdown  =  *Dianthusbarbatus(i28)  91 
Blue   bells  of  Scotland  =  *Campanula   ro- 

tundifolia  (141) 69 

Blue  bonnets  =  *Centaurea  montana  (105)  72 

"     ",  =*Scabiosa  caucasica  (109)    .      .      .  203 

Blue  flag,  European  =  *Iris  germanica  (75)  126 

Blue  rocket  =  *Aconitum  Napellus  (18)      .  25 

Bluebottle  =  *Centaurea  montana  (105)  .  72 
Bluet,     mountain  =  *Centaurea     montana 

(los) 72 

Bocconia  cordata  (2) 59 

— ^japonica  =  *B.  cordata  (2)       ....  59 

Boltonia  latisquama  (9)        .....  60 

Bone  flower  =  *Bellis  perennis  (166)      .      .  i;8 

Botan  =  *Paeonia  moutan  (27)  .  ...  162 
Bouquet  star-flower  =  *Aster  ptarmicoides 

(III) 55 

Break-your-spectacles  =  *Centaurea  mon- 
tana (105) 72 

Bruise  wort  =  *Bellis  perennis  (166)      .      .  58 

Bugle  =  *Ajuga  reptans  (160)     ....  29 

Bugle  weed  =  *Ajuga  reptans  (160)  .  .  29 
Bugloss  =  *Anchusa  italica  (31),  (32)    .       35,  37 

Bunch  pink  =  *Dianthus  barbatus  (128)    .  91 

Burning  bush  =  Dictamnus  Fraxinella,  (72)  96 

Butterfly  weed  =  *Asclepias  tuberosa  (92).  48 
Button  snake  root  =  *Liatris  pycnostachya 

(15) 137 

Callirhoe  involucrata  (140) 61 

Camomile,  false  =  *Boltonia  latisquama  (9)  60 

rock — ,  =  *Anthemis^tinctoria  (90)    .      .  41 

Campanula  carpatica  (145),  (146)  .      .       62,  63 

— glomerata  (112) 64 

— grandiflora  =  *Platycodon    grandiflorum 

(79),  (80)       .      .      .      ._     .      .      .  184,  186 
— grandiflora,   var.    Mariesi  =  Platycodon 

Mariesi  (119),  (120)       ....  187,  189 

— latifolia,  var.  macrantha  (43)  ...  65 
— macrantha  =  *Campanula  latifolia,  var. 

macrantha  (43) 65 

— Medium  (44) 66 

peach  leaf — ,  =  *C.  persicifolia  (93)  .      .  67 
— persicifolia  (93),  (94)         ....       67,  68 

— rotundifolia  (141)         69 

white  peach  leaf — ,  =  *C.  persicifolia,  var. 

alba  (94)        ........  68 

Campion     of     Constantinople  =  *Lychnis 

chalcedonica  (53) 153 

rose — ,  =  Agrostemma  Coronaria  (84)     .  28 

Canada  root  =  *Asclepias  tuberosa  (92)  .  48 
Candytuft,    hardy  =  *Iberis    sempervirens 

(142) I2S 

Canterbury    bells  =  *Campanula    Medium 

(44)     .      .      .      . 66 

Cardinal  flower  =  *Lobelia  cardinalis  (100)  151 
Carpenter's  grass  =  *Achillea  Millefolium, 

var.  roseum  (88) 22 

Carpenter's  herb  =  *Ajuga  reptans  (160)    .  29 

Cassia  marylandica;(i2) 70 

Caterpillars  =  *Myosotis  palustris  (158)  159 

Celandine,  tree  =  *Bocconia  cordata  (2)     .  59 


PACE 

Centaurea  macrocephala  (45)    ....  71 

— montana  (105) 72 

Centaury  =  *Centaurea  macrocephala  (45)  71 

corn — ,  =  *C.montana  (105) 72 

Cerastum  tomentosum  (162)      ....  73 
*Ceratostigma    plumbaginoides  =  Plumbago 

Larpentae  (151) 191 

Chalk  plant  =  *Gypsophila  paniculata  (62).  110 

creeping — .  =  *Gypsophila  repens  (168).  in 

Charity  =  *Polemonium  caeruleum  (102)    .  192 

Chelone  Lyonii  (86) 74 

— Torreyi  =  *Pentstemon     barbatus,     var. 

Torreyi  (28) 174 

Chickweed,  mouse-eared  =  *Cerastium  to- 
mentosum (162) 73 

Chrysanthemum  =  *C.     indicum    and     C. 

morifolium  (70) 75 

— *coccineum    =    Pyrethrum      hybridum 

(122) 198 

— indicum  (70)     . 75 

— japonicum  =  *C.  indicum 76 

— maximum  (113) 79 

— morifolium  (70) 75 

— sinense  =  *C.  morifolium 76 

— *uliginosum   =   Pyrethrum     uHginosum 

(14)     •      •. .200 

Clematis     Davidiana  =  *C.    heracleaefolia, 

var.  Davidiana  (46) 80 

— erecta  =  *C.  recta  (71).      .....  81 

— heracleaefolia,  var.  Davidiana  (46)   .      .  80 

—recta  (71) 81 

shrubby — ,  =  *C.      heracleaefolia,      var. 

Davidiana  (46)  . 80 

"     ",  =  *C.  recta  (71)     _.  _ 81 

— Tubulosa,  var.  Davidiana  =  *C.  hera- 
cleaefolia, var.  Davidiana  (46)  80 
Cliff  rose  =  *Armeria  maritima  (161)  .  .  47 
Clover,  thousand-leafed  =  *Achillea  Mille- 
folium, var.  roseum  (88)  ....  22 
Cod  head  =  *Chelone  Lyonii  (86)  ...  74 
Columbine,  common  European  =  *Aquile- 

gia  vulgaris  (68) 45 

feathered — ,  =  *Thalictrum     aquilegifol- 

ium  (37)  .........  211 

golden-spurred — ,  =  *Aquilegia    chrysan- 

tha(38)     .........  44 

long-spurred — ,  =  *Aquilegia    caerulea 

(127)  .............  43 

Munstead's  white — ,  =  *Aquilegia  vulga- 
ris, var.  nivia  grandiflora  (68)  ...  45 
Rocky  Mountain — ,  =  *Aquilegia  caerulea 
(127)  ..........  43 

tufted — ,  =  *Thalictrum  aquilegifolium, 

(37)       ............  211 

Cone  flower  =  *Rudbeckia  speciosa  (81)     .  201 

purple — ,  =  *Echinacea  purpurea  (50) .  102 
*Conoclinium  coelestenum  =  Eupatorium 

coelestinum  (106) 103 

Consound  =  *Bellis  perennis  (166)  ...  58 

Consound,  middle  =  *Ajuga  reptans  (160).  29 

Convallaria  majalis  (156) 82 

Coral  bells  =  *Heuchera  sanguinea  (135)    .  122 
Coreopsis  lanceolata,  var.  grandiflora  (95)  83 
Cornflower,    perennial  =  *Centaurea    mon- 
tana (105) 72 

Coronaria   tomentosa  =  Agrostemma  Coro- 
naria (84) 28 

Cottages  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49)     .      .  99 


GENERAL  INDEX 


229 


S8 
S8 
S8 
58 
58 

79 

2CXD 

47 

5° 

.  52 


Coventry  bells =*Campanula  latifolia,  var. 

macrantha  (43)         65 

Cowslip  =  *Primula  Polyantha  (153)  196 

Giant — ,  =  Primula  veris  superba   (154)  197 

Crane's  bilI  =  *Geranium  sanguineum  (i  15)  108 

Crimson  bells  =  *Heuchera  sangiiinea  (135)  122 
Cross  of  Jerusalem  =  *Lychnis  chalcedonica 

(S3)           .      • 153 

Cuckoo's  cap  =  *Aconitum  Napellus  (18)    .  25 

Cushion  pink  =  *Armeria  maritima  (161)  .  47 

Cut-heal  =  *Valeriana  officinalis  (59)    .  218 

Daisy,  chllding  =  *Bellis  perennis  (166) 
Dicky — ,  =  *B.  perennis  (166) 
Dog — ,  =  *B.  perennis  (166)    . 
English — ,  =  *B.  perennis  (166)    . 
Garden — ,  =  *B.  perennis  (166)    . 
Giant — ,  =  *Chrysanthemum    maximum 

("3) 

"     ",  =  Pyrethrum   uliginosum    (14)     . 
Marsh — ,  =  *Armeria  maritima  (161) 
Michaelmas — ,  =  *Aster  grandiflorus  (69) 
"     'V='*Aster  novae-angiiae  (20),   (21)    5 
Dane's    blood  =  *Campanula    glomerata 

(112)         64 

Daphne  Cneorum  (157) 84 

Dead  man's  bellows  =  *Ajuga  reptans  (160)  29 
Delphinium  "  Belladonna"  (47)  ...  85 
— cheiianthum,     var.     formosum  =  *Del- 

phinium  formosum  (48)       ....        88 
— chinense  =  *D.  sinense  (96),  (97)  89,  90 

— elatum,  hybrids  =  *D.,  English  Hybrids 

(10) 86 

— exaltatum,   hybrids  =  *D.,   English    Hy- 
brids (10) 86 

— Formosum  (48)       .......       88 

— Grandiflorum,    var.     chinense  =  *D.    si- 
nense (96),  (97)  .      .      .      .      .      .      89, 90 

— Hybridum,     vars.  =  *Delphinium,     Eng- 
lish Hybrids  (10) 86 

— Sinense  (96),  (97) 89,90 

Devil's  bit  =  *Liatris  pycnostachya  (15)  137 

Dianthus  barbatus,  vars.  (128)  ...  91 
— latifolius,  var.  atrococcineus  flore  pleno 

(147). 93 

— plumarius,  vars.  (148) 94 

Dicentra  spectabilis  (98) 95 

*Dictamnus  albus  =  Dictamnus  Fraxincila, 

var.  albus  (72) 96 

— Fraxinella  (72)  ........       96 

Dielytra  spectabilis  =  *Dicentra  spectabilis 

.  .(98)     . 95 

Digitalis  ambigua  (73) 98 

Digitalis  gloxiniaeflora  =  *Digitalis   purpu- 
rea, var.  gloxiniaeflora  (49)       ...       99 
— gloxinoides  =  *D.    purpurea,    var.    gloxi- 
niaeflora (49) 99 


— grandiflora  =  *D.  ambigua  (73) 

— ochroleuca  =  *D.    ambigua    (73) 

— purpurea,  var.  gloxiniaeflora  (49) 

— tomentosa,     var.     gloxiniaeflora  =  *D. 

purpurea,  var.  gloxiniaeflora  (49) 
Dittany  =  Dictamnus  Fraxinella  (72)  . 
Dog's  fingers  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49) 
Doronicum   excelsum,  "Harper  Crewe"  = 

*Doronicum    plantagineum,    var.    ex- 
celsum (61) 

— plantagineum,  var.  excelsum  (61) 


lOI 
lOI 


Dove  foot  =  *Geranium  sanguineum  (115).      108 
Dracocephalum     virginianum  =  *Physoste- 

gia  virginica  (57),  (58)  ....   182,  183 
Dragon's  head,  false  =  *Physostegia  virgi- 
nica (57),  (58) 182,  183 

Dropwort  =  *Spiraea  Filipendula  (167)      .     206 
Dusty    miller  =  *Agrostemma     Coronaria 

(84)  28 


purpu- 


Echinacea  intermedia  =  *Echinact 

rea,  var.  scrotina 102 

—purpurea  (50) 102 

Eupatorium  coelestinum  (106)  ....  103 
Eve's  darning  needle  =  *Yucca  Hlamcntosa 

(11)     .    _ 223 

— thread  =  *Yucca  filamentosa  (1 1 1)          .  223 

Face  in  hood  =  *.Aconituni  Napellus  (18), 

.   (19) 25,26 

Fair  maids  of  France  =  *Achillea  Ptarmica 

.   (89) 23 

Fairy  bells  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49)  .  .  99 
Fairy  cap  =  *Digita!is  purpurea  (49)  .  .  99 
Fairj'  fingers  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49)  .  99 
Fair>'  thimbles  =  *Digitaiis  purpurea  (49).  99 
Feverfew  =  Pyrethrum  hybridum  (122)  .  198 
Filipendula  hexapetala  =  *Spiraea  Filipen- 
dula (167) 206 

— lobata  =  Spiraea     lobata    var.     venusta 

(36) 207 

— purpurea  =  Spiraea    palmata,    var.    elc- 

gans  (82)        •.  .  • 208 

Finger  flowcr  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49)  99 

Fire  balls  =  *Lychnis  chalcedonica  (53)      .  153 

Fish  mouth  =  *Chclone  Lyonii  (86)  74 

Flame  flower  =  Tritoma  Pfit/eri  {83)    .      .  213 

Flap  dock  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49)    .      .  99 

FIax  =  *Linum  perenne  (118)      ....  150 

Fleur-de-lis  =  Iris  gcrmanica  (75)     .      .      .  126 

Flop  dock  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49)    .      .  99 

Flower-de-luce  =  Iris  germanica  (7^)  .  .  126 
Flower-of-a-day  =  *Tradescantia  virginiana 

(103) 212 

Flowering  moss  =  *Phlox  subulata  (150)    .  180 

Forget-me-not  =  *Myosotis  palustris  (158).  159 

Foxglove  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49)  99 

Fragrant  balm  =  *Monarda  didyma  (77)  .  157 
Fraxinilla  =  Dictamnus     Fraxinella,     var. 

albus  (72) 96 

— alba  =  Dictamnus  Fraxinella  var.  albus 

.(72)    .      . •      ■      ■  96 

— Dictamnus  =  Dictamnus  Fraxinella,  var. 

albus  (72) 96 

French  pink  =  *Armeria  maritima  (161)  47 

Friar's  cap  =  *Aconitum  Napellus  (18),  (19)  25 
Friar's    cowl  =  *Aconitum    Napellus    (18), 

(19) .•      •      •  25 

Frost   flower=*Aster  novae-angliae   (20), 

(21) 51,52 

Funkia    alba,    var.    grandiflora  =  *P.    sub- 

cordata,  var.  grandiflora  (114)  104 
— cordata  =  *F".    subcordata,    var.    grandi- 
flora (114)      .104 

— grandiflora  =  *F.  subcordata,  var.  grandi- 
flora (114) 104 

— japonica  =  *F.   subcordata,   var.   grandi- 
flora (114)      104 


230 


GENERAL  INDEX 


Funkia  japonica,  var.  variegata  =  *F.  un- 

dulata  var.  variegata  (129)       ...      105 

— lancifolia  var.  variegata  =  *F.  undulata, 

var.  variegata  (129) 105 

— lilliflora,    var.    grandiflora  =  *F.    subcor- 

data,  var.  grandiflora  (114)  .      .      104 

— macrantha  =  *F.  subcordata,  var.  gran- 
diflora (114) 104 

— subcordata,  var.  grandiflora  (114)  .      104 

— undulata,  var.  variegata  (129)  .      .     105 


Gaillardiaaristata,  var.  grandiflora  =  *Gail- 

lardia  grandiflora  (99) 106 

Gaillardia  grandiflora  (99) 106 

— lutea  =  *G.  grandiflora  (99)     ....  106 

— maxima  =  *G.  grandiflora  (99)      .      .      .  106 

— perennis  =  *G.  grandiflora  (99)           .      .  106 

Galtonia  candicans  (24) 107 

Garden     ginger  =  Dictamnus     Fraxinella 

(72)    ..........  96 

Garden   heliotrope  =  *Valeriana   officinalis 

(59), .-218 

Gardener's    eye  =  Agrostemma    Coronaria 

(84) 28 

Garland  flower  =  *Daphne  Cneorum  (157)  84 

Gas  plant  =  Dictamnus  Fraxinella  (72)      .  96 

Geranium  sanguineum  (115)      .      .      .      .  108 

wild  =  *G.  sanguineum  (115)    .      .      .  108 

German  catch-fly  =  *LychnisViscaria  (132)  154 

Geum  chiloense  =  *Geum  Heldrichi  (134).  109 

Heldrichi  (134) 109 

Globe  flower  =  *Trollius  europaeus  (125)    .  215 

Goat's  beard,  false  =  *Astilbe  Davidii  (8).  56 
Gold     flower=*Hypericum     Moserianum 

(107)  •      •      • 124 

Golden  ball  =  *Trollius  europaeus  (125)  .  215 
Golden  tuft  =  *Alyssum  saxatile,  var.  com- 

pactum  (139) 34 

Good-bye-summer  =  *Aster    novae-angliae 

(20),  (21)       .......       51,  52 

Goose  tongue  =  *Achillea  Ptarmica  (89)     .  23 

Gowan  =  *Bellis  perennis  (166)  ...  58 
Greek  Valerian  =  *Polemonium  caeruleum 

(102) 192 

Ground  pink  =  *Phlox  subulata  (150)  .      .  180 

Gypsophila  paniculata  (62)        .      .      .      .  no 

— prostrata  =  *Gypsophila  repens  (168)      .  in 

— repens  (168) in 

Hair  bell  =  *Campanula  rotundifolia  (141)  69 
Hard     heads  =  *Centaurea     macrocephaia 

„      (45) 71 

Harebell,    Carpathian*=  Campanula    car- 

patica  (14s),  (146) 62,  63 

English — ,  =  *Campanula      rotundifolia 

„,     .(141)     

Helemum   autumnale,   var.   Hoopesi  =  *H 

Hoopesi  (63) 

— autumnale  var.  rubrum  (13)  . 

— autumnale  var.  superbum  (16)    . 

— grandiflorum,     var.    rubrum  =  *H.    au 

tuninale,  var.  rubrum  (13).      .      . 
— grandiflorum    var.   superbum  =  *H.    au 

tumnale  var.  superbum  (16)     .      . 
Helfringwort  =  *Ajuga  reptans  (160) 
Helianthus   decapetalus,    var.    multifloru 

flore  pleno  .      . 116 


113 
29 


PAOB 

Helianthus  decapetalus,  var.  *multiflorus, 
Soleil  d'Or.  =  H.  multiflorus,  var.  Soleil 

d'Or(26) ,16 

— missouriensis,   var.    Miss   Mellish  =  *H. 

rigidus,  var.  Miss  Mellish  (3)  .  117 

— mollis  (25) n5 

— multiflorus,  var.  Soleil  d'Or  (26).      .      .  116 

—rigidus  (3) n7 

Heliopsis  laevis,  var.  Pitcheriana  (39) .  118 
— Pitcheriana  =  *H.    laevis,  var.    Pitcheri- 

.ana  (39) ug 

Heliotrope,  Garden  =  *Valeriana  officinalis 

(59) 218 

Hellebore,  false  =  *Adonis  vernalis  (133)    .  27 
Helmet  flower  =  *Aconitum  Napellus  (18), 

(19)     •. 25,  26 

Hemerocallis    alba  =  *Funkia    subcordata, 

var.  grandiflora  (114) 104 

— aurantiaca,  var.  major  (65)          ...  119 
— cordata  =  *Funkia     subcordata,     var. 

grandiflora  (114) 104 

— flava  (64) 120 

— japonica   =   *Funkia    subcordata,    var. 

grandiflora  (114)       104 

— Middendorfii  (74) 121 

— plantaginea  =  *Funkia   subcordata,  var. 

grandiflora  (114) 104 

Herb  bonnet  =  *Valeriana  officinalis  (59)    .  218 

Heuchera  sanguinea  (135) 122 

Hibiscus,  var.  Meehan's  Mallow  Marvels 

(4)  ■.    •    •      ■    .•      • 123 

Hog  physic  =  *Lobelia  cardinalis  (100)       .  151 
Hollyhock  =  *Althaea  rosea  (i)        ...  32 
Horse  mint  =  *Monarda  didyma  (77)    .      .  157 
Hyacinthus    candicans  =  *Galtonia   candi- 
cans (24) 107 

Hyacinth,  cape  =  *Galtonia  candicans  (24)  107 

— giant  summer  =  *Galtonia  candicans  (24)  107 

Hypericum  Moserianum  (107)  .            .      .  124 

Iberis  sempervirens  (142) 125 

Indian  posy  =  *Asclepias  tuberosa  (92)       .  48 

Indian's  plume  =  *Monarda  didyma  (77)  .  157 

Indigo,  blue  wild  =  *Baptisia  australis  (42)  57 

false — ,  =  *Baptisia  australis  (42)      .      .  57 

Iris  acuta  =  *Iris  sibirica  (66)     ....  134 

— amoena 129 

— aphylla,  var.  plicata  =  *I.  plicata      .      .  128 

— asiatica  =  *I.  pallida 138 

dwarf — ,  =  *I.  pumila  (163)    ....  133 

— Flavescens 127 

— Florentina 127 

German — ,  =  *I.  germanica  (75)  .      ,      .  126 

— gerrnanica  (75) 126 

— gracilis  =  *I.  pumila  (163)        ....  133 
— haematophylla  =  *I.  sibirica,  var.  orien- 

talis 134 

— interregna 127 

Japanese — ,  =  *!.  laevigata,  (51)  .      .      .  131 

— junonia  =  *I.  pallida 128 

— Kaempferi  =  *I.  laevigata  (51)           .      .  131 

— laevigata  (51) 131 

— neglecta 128 

— orientalis  =  *I.  sibirica,  var.  orientalis    .  134 

— pallida 128 

— plicata 128 

— pumila  (163) 133 

— sanguinea  =  *I.  sibirica,  var.  orientalis  .  134 


GENERAL  INDEX 


231 


PAGE 

Iris,  Siberian — ,  =  *I.  sibirica  (66)   .      .      .  134 

— sibirica  (66)             134 

— sicula  =  *I.  pallida 128 

— squalens  =  var.  Jaquesiana      ....  130 

— variegata 129 

Jacob's  chariot  =  *Aconitum  Napellus  (18)  25 
Jacob's    ladder  =  *Polemonium    caeruleum 

(102)  ..........  192 

dwarf — ,  =  *F(>lemonium     humile,     var. 

Richardsoni  (138) 193 

Japanese  bellflower  =  *Platycodon  grandi- 

florum  (79),  (80) 184,  186 

dwarf— ,  =  *Platycodon    Mariesi    (119), 

(120)         ........  187,  189 

Jerusalem    cross  =  *Lychnis    chaicedonica 

(S3)     .      .      .      .' 153 

Kansas  gay  feather=*Liatris  pycnostachya 

dS) 137 

Knapweed,  great  golden  =  *Centaurea  ma- 

crocephala  (45) 71 

mountain — ,  =  *Centaureamontana(i05)  72 
Knight's     cross  =  *Lychnis     chaicedonica 

(S3)     .      .      ......      .      .      .      .      .  153 

*Kniphofia  Pfitzeri  =  Tritoma  Pfitzeri  (83)  213 
Ladder-to-heaven  =  *Polemonium    caeru- 
leum (102) 192 

Ladies'  cushion  =  *Armeria  maritima  (161)  47 
Lady's  fingers  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49)  .  99 
— glove  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49)  ...  99 
— reticule  =  *Dicentra  spectabilis  (98)  95 
— thimble  =  *Campanula  rotundifolia  (141)  69 
"  ",  =*Digitalis  purpurea  (49)  ...  99 
Larkspur,  belladonna — 'Delphinium  "  Bel- 
ladonna" (47) 85 

Chinese — ,  =  *Delphinium  sinense    (96), 

(97)  •      •      -. 89, 90 

hybrid — ,  =  *De!phinium   "Belladonna" 

(47) 8s 

oriental — ,  =  *Delphinium  formosum  (48)  88 

Lathyrus  latifolius,  var.  albus  (6)    .  135 

— latifolius  var.  splendens  (7)   .  i  36 

Leadwort  =  Plumbago  Larpentae  (is i)  191 
Leopard's     bane  =  *Doronicum     plantagi- 

neum  (61) loi 

Liatris  pycnostachya  (is) 137 

Lilium  auratum  (40) 138 

— Batemani  (76) 140 

— candidum  (41) 141 

— dahuricum  =  *L.  elegans  (116)      ...  143 

— elegans  (Thunbergii)  (116)  143 

— elegans  var.  fulgens  =  L.  Batemani  (76)  .  140 

— formosum  =  *L.  elegans  (116).      ...  143 

— fulgens  =  L.  Batemani  (76)     ....  140 

— Heniyi  (s)          •      • MS 

— lancifolium  =  *L.  speciosum  (s2)  .      .      .  146 

— praecox  =  *L.  speciosum  (52)       .      .      .  146 

— sanguineum  =  L.  Batemani  (76)  .      .      .  140 

— speciosum  (sz) 146 

— supcrbum  (29) 147 

— tenuifolium  (117) 148 

—Thunbergianum  =  *L.  elegans  (116)  .      .  143 

— Thunbergii  =  *L.  elegans  (n6)      .      .      .  143 

— tigrinum  (30) 149 

— umbellatum  =  *L.  elegans  (116)    .      .      .  143 

— Wallacei  =  *L.  elegans,  var.  Wallace!  144 

Lily,  Chilian  =  *Alstroemeria  chilensis  (8s)  30 


Lily,     Conval — ,  =  *ConvalIaria      majalis 

(IS6)      •  ■ 

Corfu — ,  =  *Funkia  subcordata  (i  14) 

crumple — ,  =  *Lilium  tigrinum  (30)  . 

day — ,  lilac  =  ,*Funkia    undulata    (129) 

day — ,  orange  =  *Hemcrocallis    auranti- 
aca,  (65)  

day — ,  white  =  *Funkia  subcordata  (114) 

day—,  yellow  =  *Hemerocallis  flava  (64) 
"     ".  =  *Hemerocaliis  Middendorfii  (74)    . 

gold-banded — ,  =  Lilium  auratum  (40)  . 

lemon — ,  =  *HemerocaIlis  flava  (64) . 

Madonna — ,  =  *L.  candidum  (41) 

May — ,  =  *Convallaria  majalis  (is6) 

nodding — ,  =  *Lilium  superbum  (29). 
— of-the-valley  =  *Convallaria    majalis     . 
(iS6j    .......... 

park — ,  =  *Convallaria  majalis  (is6).     . 

Peruvian — ,  =  *Alstroemeria       chilensis 
(8s).    ■      •      •      •. 

plantain — ,  =  *Funkia  subcordata(ii4)  . 
"     ",  =*Funkia  undulata  (129) 

Siberian    coral — ,  =  *Lilium  tenuifolium 
(117)         .      .      .      ...      ......      . 

spider  — ,  =  *Tradescantia      virgin  iana 
(103)  .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      . 

St.    Bruno's — .  =  Anthericum  Liliastrum 
.  (91)     •      ... 

tiger — ,  =  *Lilium    tigrinum  (30) . 

torch — ,  =  Tritoma  Pfitzeri  (83)  . 

Turk's  cap — ,  =  *Lilium  superbum  (29) . 

Turk's  head — ,  =  *Lilium  superbum  (29). 

wild — ,  =  *Lilium  superbum  (29) . 

wood — ,  =  *Cc)nvallaria  majalis  (156) 

Linum  pcrenne  (118) 

Lion's  heart  =*Physostegia  virginica  (s7), 

(S8)       •      .. 182 

Lion's  mouth  =*Digitalis  purpurea  (49) 

Lobelia  cardinalis  (100) 15 

London  pride  =  *Dianthus  barbatus  (128)  .  91 
— tuft  =  *Dianthus  barbatus  (128)  ...  91 
Loosestrife,    Japanese  =  *Lysimachia    cle- 

throides  (87) 155 

rose — ,  =  *Lythrum  Salicaria  (54)      .      .      is6 

spiked — ,  =  *Lythrum  Salicaria  (S4) .      .      156 
Love-me  =  *.Myosotis  palustris  (is8)    .  159 

Low  balm  =  *Monarda  didyma  (77)  IS7 

Lupine  =  *Lupinus  polyphyllus  (33)  IS2 

Lupinus  grandiflorus  =  *L.  polyphyllus 

(33) 152 

polyphyllus  (33) 152 

Lychnis  chaicedonica  (s3) 153 

— *Coronaria  =  Agrostemma  coronaria  (84)  28 

^Viscaria,  var.  splendens  (132)            .  IS4 

Lysimachia  clethroides  (87) ISS 

Lythrum  Salicaria,  var.  roseum  superbum 

(S4) ...•■.  156 

— roseum    superbum  =  *L.    Salicaria,    var. 

roseum  superbum  (S4) 'S^ 

Makebale  =  *Polemonium  caeruleum  (102)  192 
Mallow,     poppy  =  *Callirhoe     involucrata 

(140)     ..........  61 

Maltese  cross  =  *Lychnis  chaicedonica  (53)  153 

— sage  = 'Lychnis  chaicedonica  (53)  153 

Marguerite  =  *Bellis  perennis  (166)  58 

golden — ,  =  *Anthemis  tinctoria  (90)  .  41 

Marian  = 'Campanula  Medium  (44)     .      .  66 


104 
149 

los 

119 
102 
104 
121 
138 
120 
141 
82 
>47 

82 
82 

30 
104 
los 

148 


42 
149 
213 
147 
147 
147 

82 
ISO 

183 
99 


232 


GENERAL  INDEX 


Marsh  daisy  =  *Armeria  maritima  (i6i)    . 

—  mallow  =  *Hibiscus  (4)      .      .      .      . 

—  scorpion  grass  =  *Myosotis  paliistris(is8) 
May  blossom  =  *Convallaria  majalis  (156) 
Meadow  rue  =  *Thalictrum  aqiiilegifolium 

(37)  ^      ,      .      . 

— sage  =  *Salvia  azurea  (35)  .... 
— sweet  =  Spiraea  astilboides  (131)  .  . 
"     ",  *Spiraea  Filipendula  (167)     .     . 

— sweet,  crimson  =  *Spiraea  palmata  (82) 
Megapterium   missouriense  =  *Oenothera 

missouriensis  (149) 

Meiitang  =  *Paeonia  moutan  (27)    .      . 
Middle  comfrey  =  *Ajuga  reptans  (160) 
Middle  consound  =  *Ajuga  reptans  (160) 
Milfoil,   rosy  =  *Achillea  Millefolium,  var, 

roseum  (88) 

woolly — ,  =  *Achillea  tomentosa  (143) 
Milk  willow  herb  =  *Lythrum  Salicaria  (54) 
Milkweed,    orange  =  *Asclepias     tuberosa 

(92)       •      •      • 

yellow — ,  =  *Asclepias  tuberosa  (92)    . 
Mint,  wild  =  *Ajuga  reptans  (160)  .      .      . 
Mist  =  *Gypsophila  paniculata  (62) 
Mist     flower  =  *Eupatorium     coelestinum 

(106)     ......... 

Molewort,  white  =  *Arabis  albida  (159) 

Monarda  didyma  (77) 

— fistulosa  =  *M.  didyma  {jy)  .... 
— kalmiana  =  *M.  didyma  (77)  .  .  . 
Monk's  hood  =  *Aconitum  Napellus  (18), 

(19) 25 

Montbretia  crocosmaeflora  (55) 
Moss  pink  =  *Phlox  subulata  (150).  .  . 
Mountain  mint  =  *Monarda  didyma  (77)  . 
Mouse-ear  =  *Myosotis  palustris  (158).  . 
Mullen  pink  =  Agrostemma  Coronaria  (84) 
Myosotis  palustris,  var.  semperflorens 
(158) 

Naupie  =  *Paeonia  officinalis  (78)    . 
Nosebleed  =  *Achillea   Millefolium,   var. 
roseum  (88)         


Obedient     plant  =  *Physostegia     virginica 

{S7),  (58) .      .  182. 

Oenothera  fruticosa,  var.  Youngii  (108)     . 
— macrocarpa  =  *0.  missouriensis  (149) 

— missouriensis  (149) 

— Youngii  =  *0.    fruticosa,    var.    Youngii 

(108)         .•••.• 

Old-maid's  night-cap — *Geranium  sangui- 

neum  (115) 

Old-man's-pepper  =  *Achillea  Millefolium, 

var.  roseum  (88) 

Orange  root  =  *Asclepias  tuberosa  (92) 
— swallow  wort  =  *Asclepias  tuberosa  (92) 
Oswego  tea=  *Monarda  didyma  (77)    . 


Ox-eye — *Adonis  vernalis  (133) 

— *Helenium  autumnale  (13),  (16) 

— *Helenium  Hoopesi  (63) 

— *Heliopsis  laevis  (39)         .... 

Oxlip  =  *Primula  Polyantha  (153)  . 

Ox  tongue  =  *Anchusa  italica  (31),  (32) 

Paeonia  albiflora,  hybrid  vars.  (34) 

— arborea  =  *P.  moutan  (27) 

— fulgida  =  *P.  officinalis  (78)     .      .      . 


112, 


48 

:S7 
27 

13 
114 
118 
196 
,37 

166 
162 
164 


Paeonia  lobata 165 

— moutan  (27) 162 

— officinalis,  vars.  (78)          .      .      .      .      .  164 

— sinensis  =  *P.  albiflora,  hybrids  (34)       .  166 

— tenuifolia  (130) 170 

Pansy,  bedding  =  *Viola  cornuta  (165)       .  222 

tufted — ,  =  *Violacornuta  (165)  .  .  .  222 
Papaver  bracteatum  =  *P.  orientale,    var. 

bracteatum 172 

— nudicaule  (136) 173 

—orientale  (67)          .......  171 

*Paradisca  Liliastrum,  var.  major  =  Anthe- 

ricum  Liliastrum,  var.  major  (91)  .  42 
Pea,  everlasting  =  *Lathyrus  latifolius  (6), 

(7) •      •      •      •  ^35,  136 

perennial — ,  =  L.  latifolius  (6),  (7)  .  135,  136 
Peach  bells  =  *Campanula  persicifolia  (93), 

(94) 67,68 

Pellitory,  wild  =  *Achillea  Ptarmica  (89)    .  23 

Pentstemon  barbatus,  var.  Torreyi  (28)    .  174 

— ^Torreyi  =  *P.  barbatus,  var.  Torreyi  (28)  174 
Peony,  Chinese  =  *Paeonia  albiflora,  hybrid 

vars.  (34)       .      .      .      •    .  •    .•      •      •  166 

early  flowering — ,  =  *P.  officinalis  (78)    .  164 

European — ,  =  *P.  officinalis  (78)       .      .  164 

fennel-leaved — ,  =  *P.  tenuifolia  (130)    .  170 

fern-leaved — ,  =  *P.  tenuifolia  (130) .      .  170 
herbaceous — ,  =  *P.  albiflora,  hyb.  vars. 

(34) 166 

late    flowering — ,  =  *P.     albiflora,    hyb. 

vars.  (34)       .      .      .      ...      .      .  166 

old-fashioned — ,  =  *P.  officinalis  (78)      .  164 

tree — ,  =  *P.  moutan  (27) .      ....  162 

Pheasant's  eye,  vernal  =  *Adonis  vernalis 

(133)         .........  27 

Phlox  canadensis  =  *P.  divaricata  (137)     .  175 

— decussata  =  *P.  paniculata  (56)    .      .      .  176 

— divaricata  (137) :  ^7S 

— early  blooming  hardy — ,  =  *P.  suffruti- 

cosa  (loi) 181 

— glaberrima,  var.   suflFruticosa  =  *P.   suf- 

fruticosa  (loi)          181 

hardy— ,  =  *P.  paniculata  (56)     ...  176 

— nitida  =  *P.  sufFruticosa  (loi)       ...  181 

— nivalis  =  *P.  subulata,  var.  alba        .      .  180 

— paniculata  (56) 176 

— setacea  =  *P.  subulata  (150)         .      .      .  180 

— subulata  (150)        180 

— sufFruticosa  (loi)                                .      .  341 
Physostegiavirginiana  =  *P.  virginica  (57), 

(58) 182,  183 

—virginica  (57),  (58) 182183 

Pin-cushion   flower=*Scabiosa    caucasica 

(109) 203 

Piney — *Paeonia  officinalis  (78)      .      .      .  164 
Pink,   broad-leaved  =  *Dianthus   latifolius 

(147)        93 

bunch— ,  =  *Dianthus  barbatus  (128)     .  91 
common  grass — ,  =  *Dianthus  plumarius 

(148)  . •      •  .  •  94 

garden — ,  =  *Dianthus  plumarms  (148)  .  94 

ground — ,  =  *Phlox  subulata  (150)    .      .  180 

Indian — ,  =  *Lobelia  cardinalis  (100)      .  151 

moss — ,  =  *P.  subulata  (150)  ....  180 

— mullen  =  Agrostemma  Coronaria  (84)     .  28 
pheasant's  eye — ,  =  *Dianthus  plumarius 

(148) 94 

saxifrage — ,  =  *Tunica  Saxifraga   (164).  217 


GENERAL  INDEX 


233 


Pinkscawfall — ,  =  *Armeria  maritime  (161)  47 

Scotch — ,  =  *Dianthus  plumarius  (148)  .  94 

wild — ,  =  *Phlox  subulata  (150)   .      .      .  180 

Platycodon  grandiflorum  (79),  (80)      .  184,  186 

— grandiflorum  var.  glaucum  =  P.  Mariesi 

(il9),(i2o)     .      .      •    .  •  .   •      •      -.187.  189 
— grandiflorum  *var.  Mariesi  =  P.  Mariesi 

(119),  (120) 187,  189 

—Mariesi  (119),  (120)  ....  187,189 

Pleurisy  root  =  *Asclepias  tuberosa  (92)     .  48 

Plumbago  Larpentae  (151) 191 

Polemonium  album  =  *P.    caerulcum,  var. 

album 192 

— caeruleum  (102)            192 

— humile,  var.  Richardson!  (138)  .  193 
— Richardsoni  =  *P.    humile,    var.     Rich- 

ardsoni  (138) 193 

— villosum  =  *P.     humile,     var.     Richard- 

soni  (138) 193 

Polyanthus  =  *Primula  Polyantha  (153)  196 

Pop  dock  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49)     .      .  99 

Poppy,  Iceland  =  *Papavernudicaule  (136)  173 

oriental — ,  =  *Papaver  orientale  (67.      .  171 

plume — ,  =  *Bocconia  cordata  (2)      .      .  59 
Primrose,    English  =  *Primula    Polyantha 

(153) 196 

evening — ,  =  *Oenothera  fruticosa  (108) .  160 

"     ",  =  *Oenothera  missouriensis  (149)  161 

giant — ,  =  Primula  veris  superba  (154)   .  197 

Japanese — ,  =  *Primula  japonica  (121)  .  195 
Siebold  's — ,  =  *Primula  cortusoides,  var. 

Sieboldi  (152) 194 

Primula  cortusoides,  var.  amoena  =  *P.  cor- 
tusoides, var.  Sieboldi  (152)  194 
— cortusoides  var.  grandiHora  =  *P.  cortus- 
oides, var.  Sieboldi  (152)  .  .  .  194 
— cortusoides  var.  Sieboldi  (152)  .  .  194 
— elatior  =  *P.  Polyantha  (153)  ...  196 
— *Harry  Mitchell  =  P.  veris  superba  (154)  197 

— japonica  (121)         195 

—Polyantha  (153)      .      .      .      .      .      .      .196 

— Sieboldi  =  *P.  cortusoides,  var.  Sieboldi 

(152) 194 

^veris  superba  (154) 197 

Purple  cone  flower=*Echinacea  purpurea 

(50) 102 

Pyrethrum  hybridum  (122)        ....  198 

— roseum  =  P.  hybridum  (122)  .      .           .  198 

— uliginosum  (14) 200 

Queen  of  the  prairie  =  Spiraea  lobata,  var. 

venusta  (36) 207 

Rabbit's    flower  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49).  99 

Rainbow  weed  =  *Lythrum  Salicaria  (54)  .  156 

Rattle  bush,  blue  =  *Baptisia  australis  (42)  57 
Rattlesnake's     master  =  *Liatris     pycnos- 

tachya  (15) 137 

Red  balm  =  *Monarda  didyma  (77)      .  157 

• —  Betty  =  *Lobelia  cardinalis  (100)  151 

—  cardinal  =  *Lobelia  cardinalis  (100)  151 

—  hot  poker  plant  =  Tritoma  Pfitzeri  (73)  213 

—  Sally  =  *Lythrum  Salicaria  (54)  156 
Rockcress,  white  =  *Arabis  albida  (159)  46 
Rock  madwort  =  *Alyssum  saxatile  (139)  .  34 
Rose  balm  =  *Monarda  didyma  (77)  157 
— Campion  =  .'\grostemma  Coronaria  {84).  28 


Rose  mallow  =  *Hibiscus  (4)  .  .  .  .  123 
Rudbeckia    aspera  =  *Rudbeckia    speciosa 

(81)     ._     .      .            201 

— Newmanii  =  *R.  speciosa  (81)       .      .      .  201 

— purpurea  =  *Echinacea  purpurea  (50)     .  102 

— speciosa  (81) 201 

Sage  willow  =  *Lythrum  Salicaria  (54).      .  156 

Salvia  azurea,  var.  grandiflora  (35)  .  .  202 
—  Pitcheri  =  *S.    azurea,    var.    grandiflora 

(3S)     .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .  202 

Sanguinary  =  *Achillea    Millefolium,    var. 

roseum  (88) 22 


Scabiosa  caucasica  (109) 

Scarlet  balm  =  *Monarda  didyma  (77). 

— cross  =  *Lychnis  chalcedonica  (53) 

— lightning  =  *Lychnis chalcedonica  (53)    . 

— lychnis  =  *Lychnis  chalcedonica  (53) 

Scawfall  pink  =  *Armeria  maritima  (161)  . 

Scorpion  grass  =  *Myosotis  palustris  (158). 

Scotch  Mercury  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49) 

Sea  cushion  =  *Armeria  maritima  (161) 

— daisy  =  *Armeria  maritima  (161) 

— gilliflower  =  *Armeria  maritima  (161) 

— grass  =  *Armeria  maritima  (161) 

• — hollyhock  =  *Hibiscus  (4)        .... 

— lavender,      great    =   *Statice      latifolia 

.(no)  .     .     .     . 

— pink  =  *Armeria  maritima  (161)  .      .     . 
— turf=*.'\rnieria  maritima  (161)    . 
Seal  flower  =  *Dicentra  spectabilis  (98) 
Seaside  thrift  =  *Armeria  maritima  (161)  . 
Sedum  Fabaria  =  *S.  spectabile  (123)    . 

showy— ,  =  *S.  spectabile  (123)    . 
— spectabile  (123)       .      .      .      .      .      .      . 

Senna,    American  =  *Cassia     mar>landica 

(12)     .......... 

wild — ,  =  *Cassia  marylandica  (12)    . 
Setwall  =  *Valeriana  officinalis  (59) 
Seven-years'  love  =  *.Achillea  Ptarmica  (89) 
Shame-face  =  *Geranium  sanguineum  (115) 
Shasta   daisy   =  chr>santhemum,    Shasta 

Daisy 79 

Sheep-shearing   rose  =  *Paeonia   officinalis 

(78) 

Shell  flower  =  *Chelone  Lyonii  (86). 
Sicklewort  =  *Ajuga  reptans  (160)  . 
Silk  grass  =  *Yucca  filamentosa  (11)     . 
Slink  weed  =  *Lobelia  cardinalis  (100). 
Snake  grass  =  *Myosutis  palustris  (158) 
— head  =  *Chelone  Lyonii  (86)  .... 
Sneezeweed  =  *Helenium   autumnale   (13), 

(16)     .      .      .      .      ...      .      .      .112 

"     ",  =  *Helenium  Hoopesi  (63) 
"     ",  =  *Helenium  autumnale  (13),  (16),  112,  113 
Sneezewort  =  *Helenium  Hoopesi  (63)  114 

double — ,  =  *Achillea      Ptarmica,      var. 

flore  pleno  (89)    .......       23 

Snow-in-summer  =  *Cerastium   tomento- 

sum  (162) 

Snowdrop  windflower  =  *Anemone  sylves 

tris  (126) 

Snowflake  =  *Dianthus  barbatus  (128). 
Soldier's    woundwort  =  *Achillea    Millefol 

ium,  var.  roseum  (88/    .      . 
Speedwell  =  *Veronica  longifolia  (104). 
hoary — ,  =  *Veronica  incana  (155) 
rock— ,  =  *Veronica  rupesiris  (169) 


203 
IS7 
JS3 
>S3 
JS3 
47 
IS9 
99 
47 
47 
47 
47 
123 

209 
47 
47 
9S 
47 
204 
204 
204 

70 

70 

218 

23 
108 


164 
74 
29 
223 
151 
«S9 
74 

113 
114 


73 

40 
91 

22 
220 
219 
221 


234 


GENERAL  INDEX 


Spiderwort  =  *Tradescantia  virginiana 
(103). .. 

Spiked  willow  herb  =  *Lythrum  Salicaria 
.    (54)     ............. 

Spiraea  Aruncus,  var.  astilboides  floribunda 
=  S.      astilboides,      var.      floribunda 


(.13 1). 
— astilbc 


aoides,  var.  floribunda  (131) 

— Filipendula  (167)  

— lobata,  var.  venusta  (36) 
— palmata  var.  elegans  (82) 
— venusta  =  S.  lobata,  var.  venusta  (36) 
Spurred  flower  =  *Valeriana  officinalis  (59) 
Square  stalk  =  *Monarda  didyma  (77) 
Starvvort  =  *Aster  grandiflorus  (69) 
"  =*Aster  novae-angliae  (20),  (21)      .       51 
"  =*Aster  novi-belgii  (22),  (23)     .      .       53 
yarrow-leaved — ,  =  *Aster  ptarmicoides 

(ni) 

Statice  latifolia  (no)       .      .      .      .      .      . 

St.    George's    herb  =  *Valeriana   officinalis 
(59)       ........ 

St.    John's    wort  =  *Hypericum    Moseria 

num  (107) 

Stokesia  cyanea  (124) 

Stone  crop  =  *Sedum  spectabile  (123)  . 
Stork's  bill  =  *Geranium  sanguineum  (115) 
Sundrops  =  *Oenothera  fruticosa  (108) . 
"     ",  =  *Oenothera  missouriensis  (149) 
Sunflower,  double  hardy  =  Helianthus  mul 
tiflorus,  var.  Soleil  d'Or  (26) 
false — ,  =  *Heliopsis  laevis  (39)    . 
hairy — ,  =  *Helianthus  mollis  (25)     . 
hardy — ,  =  *Helianthus  rigidus  (3)    . 
orange — ,  =  *Heliopsis  laevis  (39) 
swamp — ,  =  *HelenIum  autumnale  (13), 
(16)     .      ,     .      .      .      .      .      .      .112 

"     ",  =  *Helenium  Hoopesi  (63) 

wild — ,  =  Helianthus  multiflorus  (26) 
Swamp  rose  =  *Hibiscus  (4)        .... 

Sweet  John  =  *Dianthus  barbatus  (128)     . 
Sweet  Mary  =  *Monarda  didyma  (77) 
Sweet  William  =  *Dianthus  barbatus  (128) 
mock — ,  =  *Lychnis  chalcedonica  (53)    . 
wild — ,  =  *Phlox  divaricata  (137) 

Tansy,  white  =  *Achillea  Ptarmica  (89) 
Thalictrum  aquilegifolium  var.  roseum  (37) 
Thimbles  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49)      . 
Thistle,    star  =  *Centaurea    macrocephala 

(45) 

Thousand  leaf=*Achillea  Millefolium  (88) 
Thread   and   needle  =  *Yucca   filamentosa 

Tu■i''l^      •■■     ••••     V.^-     •     • 
lhriit  =  *Armena  mantima  (161)  . 

Throatwort  =  *Digitalis  purpurea  (49). 

Tickseed  =  *Coreopsis  lanceolata  (95)  . 

Tradescantia  virginiana  (103)    .... 

— virginica   =   *Tradescantia      virginiana 

.    (103)  ...    

Tritoma  Pfitzeri  (83) 

*Tritonia  crocosmaeflora  =  Montbretia  cro- 

cosmaflora  (55) 

Triton's  spear=Tritoma  Pfitzeri  (83)  .      . 


156 


205 
205 
206 
207 
208 
207 
218 
157 
SO 
.52 
.54 

55 
209 


124 
210 
204 
108 
160 
161 

116 
118 
"5 
117 

118 

113 
114 
116 
123 

91 
157 

91 
153 
175 

23 
211 
99 


213 

158 
213 


Trolllus  asiaticus 

— caucasicus,  var.  Orange  Globe 

— europaeus  (125) 

— globosus  =  *Trollius  europaeus  (125) 

— japonicus  excelsior 

Tuber  root  =  *Asclepias  tuberosa  (92)  . 
Tunica  =  *Tunica  Saxifraga  (164)    . 

— Tunica  Saxifraga  (164) 

Turtle  bloom  =  *Chelone  Lyonii  (86)    . 
Turtle  head  =  *Chelone  Lyonii  (86) 

Ulmaria  Filipendula  =  *Spiraea  Filipendula 
(167) •      •      • 

— purpurea,  var.  elegans  =  *Spiraea  pal- 
mata, var.  elegans  (82)       .... 

— rubra,  var.  venusta  =  Spiraea  lobata, 
var.  venusta  (36) 


216 
216 
21S 

216 

48 

217 

217 

74 
74 


206 
208 
207 


Valerian,  cat's  =  *Valeriana  officinalis  (59)  218 

common — ,=*Valeriana  officinalis  (59)  .  218 

Greek — ,  =  *Polemonium  caeruleum  (102)  192 

Valeriana  officinalis  (59) 218 

Valoradia  plumbaginoides  =  Plumbago  Lar- 

pentae  (151)        191 

Veronica  candida  =  *V.  incana  (155)     .      .  219 

— fruticulosa  =  *V.  rupestris  (169)    .      ,      .  221 

— incana  (155) 219 

— longifolia,  var.  subsessilis  (104)    .      .      .  220 

— neglecta  =  *V.  incana  (155)     ....  219 

— rupestris  (169) 221 

Vinegar  rose  =  *Paeonia  officinalis  (78)       .  164 

Viola  cornuta  (165) 222 


•^Viola  cornuta  (165)  . 
=  *Campanula     Medium 

virginiana 


66 


Violet,  horned^ 
Mercury' 

^(44)     •      ..      .      ... 

Trmity — ,  =  *Tradescantia 

(103)  ._    .      . 212 

Wahlenbergia      grandiflora  =  *Platycodon 

grandiflorum  (79),  (80) .....  184,  186 
~ grandiflorum  var.  MariesI  =  Platycodon 

Mariesi  (119),  (120)  ....  187,  189 
White  root  =  *Asclepias  tuberosa  (92)  .  .  48 
Wild  pink  =  *Phlox  subulata  (150)        .      .      180 

Willow  weed 156 

Willow  wort  =  *Lythrum  Salicaria  (54) .      .     156 
Windflower,  Japanese  =  *Anemone  japon- 

ica  (60) 38 

Wind  root  =  *Asclepias  tuberosa  (92)    .      .       48 
Witch's     bell  =  *Campanula     rotundifolia 

(141)  ..........       69 

— thimble  =  *Campanula  rotundifolia  (141)       69 
Wolf's    bane  =  *Aconitum    Napellus    (18), 

(19) 25,  26 

Yarrow,    fern-leaved  =  *Achillea    Eupato- 

rium  (17) 21 

rosy — ,  =  *Achillea  Millefolium,  var.  ro- 
seum (188) .•      •      -       22 

sneezewort — ,  =  *Achillea  Ptarmica  (89)       23 

woolly — ,  =  *Achillea  tomentosa  (143)    .        24 

Yellow  star  =  *Helenium  autumnale  (16)    .  113 

"     ",  =  *Helenium  Hoopesi  (63)      .      .      .  1 14 

Yucca  filamentosa  (11) 223 

thready — ,  =  *Y.  filamentosa  (il)     .      .  223 


N.  C  Stat,  Cvi  ^ 


